Micropropagation Of Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medik.) Using Pulse Treatment Of İmmature Plumular Apices

Lentil is highly recalcitrant and is difficult to regenerate through tissue culture. The study is aimed to overcome this problem by developing an efficient regeneration system using immature plumular apice explants from immature zygotic embryos of Turkish lentil cv. Ciftci. The results showed that 10 mg/l BA pulse treatment of explants for 10 days followed by culture on MS medium containing various concentrations of BA-IBA supplemented with activated charcoal and PVP affected shoot regeneration frequency, mean number of shoots per explant and shoot length. Irrespective of the pulse treatment, combination of BA with IBA in MS medium promoted longer shoots compared to any concentration of BA alone. Maximum number of shoots (4.25) per explant was recorded on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA after pulse treatment. The longest shoots (6.17 cm) were recorded in pulse treated explants when cultured on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 0.25 to 1 mg/l IBA or 1 mg/l IAA. The rooted plants were acclimatized at 24±2oC in the growth room where, they flowered and set seeds

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Using Immature Cotyledons

Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is multi usage legume as a cover crop, green manure, pasture, silage, and hay due to its high dry matter and nitrogen accumulation. It is neglected crop due to toxicity to non-ruminant animals including humans. It causes a disease called favisim due to the presence of an oxidants like convicine, isouramil, divicine and vicine which results in lowering of glutathione levels in G6PD-deficient persons. Immature cotyledon seeds were cultured on MS medium containing 0.05-0.80 mg/l TDZ-0.10 mg/l IBA. Callusing without shoot regeneration was observed only on higher concentarion of 0.80 mg/l TDZ-0.10 mg/l IBA in the culture medium. Shoot regeneration frequency and shoots per explants ranged 25.0-58.33% and 8.33-19.33 respectively. Maximum Shoot regeneration frequency (58.33%) and shoots per explants (19.33) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 0.20 mg/l TDZ-0.10 mg/l IBA. Equal concentration of TDZ-IBA induced maximum shoot length and was recorded 5.0 cm. Most of the palnts rooted directly in the culture medium and remaining were cultured on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l IBA. Both types of plantlets were acclimatized under ambient conditions

Potential Barriers to Implementing Energy Management System in Pakistan: A Case of Wet Processing in the Textile Sector

The purpose of the research was to observe that greater and more structured barriers that limit the implementation of energy management systems. This was, however, narrowed to focus especially on the wet processing in the textile sector of Pakistan. It was considered pivotal to focus on the economic and regulatory barriers as operational barriers had been observed the case for previous researches. To ensure these mixed research methods were used to cross over into both qualitative and quantitative research method. Data collection remained limited due to time constraints, and five managers have opted for the interviews, while 130 respondents formed the sample for the questionnaire survey. Finding has led to the conclusion that a major economic barrier was the increase in tariff for the commercial sector, which makes energy cost rise higher and leave lesser room to explore new options such as the EMS. It has also been found that regulations are lenient, and apparently, no policy exists to limit energy usage.Keywords: Wet-processing, Energy Management System, Textile Sector, Energy efficiency.DOI: 10.7176/JETP/10-1-04Publication date: January 31st 202

Multiple Shoot Regeneration Of Ceratophyllum Demersum L. On Agar Solidified And Liquid Mediums

Coontail or hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) is a submergent aquatic macrophyte from Ceratophyllaceae family that has been widely used to remove heavy metals (photoremediation) and for pollution monitoring (biomonitor) in the aquatic environment. Besides that, it is used as aquatic plant and as a source of food for some livestock and poultry. Shoot tips, 1st and 2nd nodal explants of C. demersum were cultured on agar solidified or liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.05-0.80 mg/L BA. Multiple shoot regeneration without callus induction was recorded on both agar solidified and liquid culture media. However, earlier shoot induction and more mean number of shoots per explant with longer shoots were recorded on liquid culture medium compared to solidified medium. Maximum shoot regeneration frequency from all explants on both culture mediums was obtained at 0.05 mg/L BA. Comparing explant types, 2nd nodal meristem explants gave more number of shoots per explants (16.75 and 204.33 from solid and liquid culture medium), respectively. In vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in aquariums, and plants can be easily acclimatized at slight acidic to slight alkaline pH levels

Comparison of Shoot Regeneration on Different Concentrations of Thidiazuron from Shoot Tip Explant of Cowpea on Gelrite and Agar Containing Medium

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important legume grown all over the world as grain crop, animal fodder, cover crop, gren manure and vegetable. The present study compares effects of agar and gelrite on micropropagation from shoot tip explant of two Turkish cowpea cultivars Akkiz and Karagoz using 0.15, 0.15, 0.35 mg/l Thidiazuron (TDZ), 3 g/l activated charcoal, 2 mg/l yeast extract with and without 1.25 mg/l Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). To overcome problem of endogenic bacterial contaminations, all cultures contained 500 mg/l augmentin and incubated at 24 ± 2o C in 16 h light photoperiod for eight weeks. Therafter, all explants were transferred to MS medium for two weeks for shoot regeneration and elongation under same incubation and photoperiod conditions. The results showed that frequency of shoot regeneration increased with increase in TDZ concentrations in both cultivars on both agar and gelrite gelled medium. Both cultivars showed maximum mean number of shoots per explant in gelrite compared to agar gelled medium. Maximum number of 4.72 and 2.86 shoots per explant were recorded on MS medium containing 0.25 mg/l TDZ in cv. Akkiz and cv. Karagoz respectively. Hyperhydricity was recorded on some regenerated shoots, which was more prominant on agar. Agar gelled medium had greater shoot length compared to gelrite medium in both cultivars. Regenerated shoots were rooted easily on MS medium containing 0.50 mg/l IBA with regeneration of mean number of 4 secondary shoots on cv. Akkiz and 3 on cv. Karagoz. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in the growth chamber and subsequently established in the greenhouse; where they flowered and set seeds. The recorded survival rate of the plants was 100%. Plants looked healthy with no visible detecTab. phenotypic variations

Production of herbicide-resistant cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) transformed with the bar gene

Plant genetic engineering has opened new avenues to modify crops and has provided a powerful tool for crop improvement. The present study reports the development of regeneration and genetic transformation protocol for the Turkish cowpea cultivar Akkiz. The immature cotyledons were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.25–0.75 mg L–1 6-benzylaminopurine with or without 0.25 mg L–1 ?-naphthalene acetic acid. Shoot regeneration varied 44.4%–83.3% with 2.1–5.0 shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots were rooted in MS medium containing 0.50 mg L–1 indole-3-butyric acid and acclimatized in the greenhouse, where they flowered and set seeds. Immature cotyledons were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the recombinant binary vector pRGG containing an herbicide tolerance gene (bar) along with a uida (GUS) gene under 35S promoter. Phosphinothricin was used as a selectable marker at a concentration of 2.5 mg L–1. Putative transformants were screened by the histochemical GUS assay. Furthermore, molecular analysis revealed the presence of the introduced gene in the genome of cowpea cultivar Akkiz. The selected transgenic plants showed a resistance to Basta® nonselective herbicide at up to 10 mL L–1 of water. Putative transgenic plants retained their pigmentation and continued to grow in the greenhouse

Deformable Object Tracking Using Clustering and Particle Filter

Visual tracking of a deformable object is a challenging problem, as the target object frequently changes its attributes like shape, posture, color and so on. In this work, we propose a model-free tracker using clustering to track a target object which poses deformations and rotations. Clustering is applied to segment the tracked object into several independent components and the discriminative parts are tracked to locate the object. The proposed technique segments the target object into independent components using data clustering techniques and then tracks by finding corresponding clusters. Particle filters method is incorporated to improve the accuracy of the proposed technique. Experiments are carried out with several standard data sets, and results demonstrate comparable performance to the state-of-the-art visual tracking methods