Prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption among pregnant women of three Central Indian Districts

Background: About 6.8% of Indian women consume tobacco and only 21.0%  receive ‘full’ antenatal care. Thus, there are chances that women who consume tobacco during the non‑pregnant state will continue to use tobacco during  pregnancy.Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted across nine health centres in three districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 3,839 women  admitted in the post‑partum ward of selected hospitals were interviewed about  tobacco consumption during pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to determine the predictors of tobacco consumption during pregnancy.Results: The prevalence of tobacco consumption during pregnancy was 13.1%. Only 4.4% of women who consumed tobacco and 1.6% of women who did not use tobacco were advised against tobacco consumption by frontline health workers. The strongest predictors of tobacco consumption were tobacco consumption by husband [AOR = 36.16 (CI = 22.89–68.86)], neighbor/female friend consuming tobacco [AOR = 22.29 (CI = 13.11–31.82)], and female family members consuming tobacco [AOR = 5.63 (CI = 4.39–7.53)].Conclusion: Awareness among women about adverse effects of tobacco consumption during pregnancy was low. Health system intervention in the form of health education and advice against tobacco consumption was virtually non‑existent.Key words: India; pregnancy; tobacco; women

Numerical Simulation of Compression Ignition Diesel Injection (CIDI) to investigate Performance parameters

This paper describes the requirement of the Numerical simulation of compression ignition diesel injection by the use of computer language and it also compares the performance parameter for the biodiesel such as jatropha and karanja. The Engine test was carried out in 512 Army base workshops for the experimental validations. It was carried out on SAJ dynamometer which was installed in Engine test house for testing of Engines. Performance parameters such as Brake power, Brake Torque, Mechanical efficiency, Thermal Efficiency, Pressure vs Crank angle and Heat release Rate vs Crank Angle was taken from the Engine test house. The Program code for the Performance parameter of Engine was developed in C++ language. Then the simulation was carried out. The simulation results were compared and analyzed with the experimental results. The final results was effective for compression ignition diesel injection. As we know that today’s world is approaching towards computer simulated results, so the numerically simulated results will save time and money for engine testing house. Likewise we can approach towards numerical simulation for various types of Engines

Tuberculosis shoulder: a diagnostic dilemma

Tuberculosis of the shoulder can be difficult to diagnose in the early stages. If not diagnosed early, bony tuberculosis may reduce quality of life. Therefore, tuberculosis should be suspected in cases of long standings pain in the shoulder. we report a case of a female patient presenting to us after 18 months of initiations of symptoms suggestive of periarthritis of shoulder. Failure of conservative therapy and worsening of symptoms she needed further investigation and surgical management. With Biopsy she was diagnosed tuberculosis shoulder, TB shoulder to be a case of tuberculosis shoulder. The patient had a good recovery functionally following debridement and ATT. Thus, TB shoulder can also present as a case of periarteritis shoulder making its diagnosis at early stages difficult

Fermionic representation for the ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model -- diagrammatic study of spin-charge coupling effects on magnon excitations

A purely fermionic representation is introduced for the ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model which allows conventional diagrammatic tools to be employed to study correlation effects. Quantum 1/S corrections to magnon excitations are investigated using a systematic inverse-degeneracy expansion scheme which incorporates correlation effects in the form of self-energy and vertex corrections, while explicitly preserving the continuous spin-rotation symmetry. Magnon self-energy is studied in the full range of interaction strength, and shown to result in strong magnon damping and anomalous softening for zone boundary modes, which accounts for several zone-boundary anomalies observed in recent spin-wave measurements of ferromagnetic manganites.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Spin-charge coupling in a band ferromagnet: magnon-energy reduction, anomalous softening, and damping

The effects of correlation-induced coupling between spin and charge fluctuations on spin-wave excitations in a band ferromagnet are investigated by including self-energy and vertex corrections within a systematic inverse-degeneracy expansion scheme which explicitly preserves the Goldstone mode. Arising from the scattering of a magnon into intermediate spin-excitation states (including both magnon and Stoner excitations) accompanied with charge fluctuations in the majority spin band, this spin-charge coupling results not only in a substantial reduction of magnon energies but also in anomalous softening and significant magnon damping for zone-boundary modes lying within the Stoner gap. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with recent spin-wave excitation measurements in colossal magneto-resistive manganites and ferromagnetic ultrathin films of transition metals.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure