Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

A study of hot climate low‐cost low‐energy eco‐friendly building envelope with embedded phase change material

The generation and use of energy are significant contributors to CO2 emissions. Globally, approximately 30% to 40% of all energy consumption can be directly or indirectly linked to buildings. Nearly half of energy usage in buildings is linked to maintaining the thermal comfort of the inhabitants. Therefore, finding solutions that are not only technically but also economically feasible is of utmost importance. Though much research has been conducted to address this issue, most solutions are still costly for developing countries to implement practically. This study endeavors to find a less expensive yet straightforward methodology to achieve thermal comfort while conserving energy. This study takes a broader view of multiple habitat-related CO2 emission issues in developing regions and describes a hybrid solution to address them. New technologies and innovative concepts are being globally examined to benefit from the considerable potential of PCMs and their role in thermal energy storage (TES) applications for buildings. The current study numerically investigates the thermal response of a hybrid building envelope consisting of PCM and local organic waste materials for low-cost low-energy buildings. The local organic waste materials used are those whose disposal is usually done by burning, resulting in an immense amount of greenhouse gases. In the first phase, different waste materials are characterized to determine their thermophysical properties. In the second phase, a low-cost, commonly available PCM calcium chloride hexahydrate, CaCl2·6H2O, is integrated with a brick and corn husk wall to enhance the thermal storage in the building envelope to minimize energy consumption. Temperature distribution plots are primarily used for analysis. The results show a marked improvement in thermal comfort by maintaining a maximum indoor temperature of 27 °C when construction is performed with a 6% corn husk composite material embedded with the PCM, while under similar conditions, the standard brick construction maintained a 31 °C indoor temperature. It is concluded that the integration of the PCM layer with the corn husk wall provides an adequate solution for low-cost and low-energy buildings

Small-Scale Desalination (Semester Unknown) EnPRO 354: Small-ScaleDesalinationEnPRO354FinalPresentationtSp10

Freshwater is one of Earth’s most precious resources and is now increasing in scarcity. Global warming induced climate change is now changing rain patterns and causing record drought, growing global populations are increasing demand, and the individual demand per person is increasing and human populations urbanize and adopt modern plumbing. The biggest contributor to increasing demand for water is mismanagement and pollution. However for this project we will be focusing on water quantity rather than quality.Deliverable

Small-Scale Desalination (Semester Unknown) EnPRO 354

Freshwater is one of Earth’s most precious resources and is now increasing in scarcity. Global warming induced climate change is now changing rain patterns and causing record drought, growing global populations are increasing demand, and the individual demand per person is increasing and human populations urbanize and adopt modern plumbing. The biggest contributor to increasing demand for water is mismanagement and pollution. However for this project we will be focusing on water quantity rather than quality.Deliverable

Small-Scale Desalination (Semester Unknown) EnPRO 354: Small-ScaleDesalinationEnPRO354BrochureSp10

Freshwater is one of Earth’s most precious resources and is now increasing in scarcity. Global warming induced climate change is now changing rain patterns and causing record drought, growing global populations are increasing demand, and the individual demand per person is increasing and human populations urbanize and adopt modern plumbing. The biggest contributor to increasing demand for water is mismanagement and pollution. However for this project we will be focusing on water quantity rather than quality.Deliverable

Small-Scale Desalination (Semester Unknown) EnPRO 354: Small-ScaleDesalinationEnPRO354ProjectPlanSp10_redacted

Freshwater is one of Earth’s most precious resources and is now increasing in scarcity. Global warming induced climate change is now changing rain patterns and causing record drought, growing global populations are increasing demand, and the individual demand per person is increasing and human populations urbanize and adopt modern plumbing. The biggest contributor to increasing demand for water is mismanagement and pollution. However for this project we will be focusing on water quantity rather than quality.Deliverable

Small-Scale Desalination (Semester Unknown) EnPRO 354: Small-ScaleDesalinationEnPRO354PosterSp10

Freshwater is one of Earth’s most precious resources and is now increasing in scarcity. Global warming induced climate change is now changing rain patterns and causing record drought, growing global populations are increasing demand, and the individual demand per person is increasing and human populations urbanize and adopt modern plumbing. The biggest contributor to increasing demand for water is mismanagement and pollution. However for this project we will be focusing on water quantity rather than quality.Deliverable

Small-Scale Desalination (Semester Unknown) EnPRO 354: Small-ScaleDesalinationEnPRO354FinalReportSp10

Freshwater is one of Earth’s most precious resources and is now increasing in scarcity. Global warming induced climate change is now changing rain patterns and causing record drought, growing global populations are increasing demand, and the individual demand per person is increasing and human populations urbanize and adopt modern plumbing. The biggest contributor to increasing demand for water is mismanagement and pollution. However for this project we will be focusing on water quantity rather than quality.Deliverable