9 research outputs found
A bound testing analysis of Wagner's law in Nigeria: 1970-2006
No full textThis study tests Wagner's law (the tendency for government activities to expand along with economic expansion) for Nigeria using annual time series data between 1970 and 2006. It adopts the bounds test approach proposed by Pesaran et�al. (2001) based on unrestricted error correction model (UECM) and Toda and Yamamoto's (1995) Granger noncausality tests. Empirical results from the bounds test indicate that there exists no long-run relationship between government expenditure and output in Nigeria. In addition, Toda and Yamamoto's (1995) causality test results show that Wagner's law does not hold for more than the period being tested. Rather we found a weak empirical support in the proposition by Keynes that public expenditure is an exogenous factor and a policy instrument for increasing national income.
Colonization of Listeria monocytogenes in potting soils as affected by bacterial community composition, storage temperature, and natural amendment
No full textPineapple Peel Extract as an Effective Substrate for Esterase Production from Bacillus subtilis E9
No full textYoung shade trees improve soil quality in intensively managed coffee systems recently converted to agroforestry in Yunnan Province, China
No full textHeavy metal remediation in soil with chemical amendments and its impact on activity of antioxidant enzymes in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and soil enzymes
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