The Theory, Practice, and Interpretation of Customary International Law

Although customary international law (CIL) has been central to international law from its inception, it is often misunderstood. This edited volume remedies that problem by tracing the history of CIL and provides an in-depth study of its theory, practice, and interpretation. Its chapters tackle the big questions which surround this source of international law such as: what are the rules that regulate the functioning of CIL as a source of international law? Can CIL be interpreted? Where do lines between identification, interpretation, application, and modification of a rule of CIL lie? Using recent developments, this volume revisits old debates and resolves them by proffering new and innovative solutions. With detailed examples from international and national courts, it places CIL in a range of settings to explain, explore and reflect upon this developing and highly significant field. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core

Dogrusal Olmayan Kanonik Korelasyon Analizi Ile Istatistige Yonelik Tutumlarda Universite Ogrencileri Arasindaki Bireysel Farkliliklarin Incelenmesi

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between the demographic features and the attitude devoted to the statistics lesson of the students in departments of business administration, economics and public finance that will be able to effective on the socio- economic structure of our country in the future. By the purpose of measuring the attitude devoted to the statistics, Survey of Attitudes Towards Statistics and a demographic knowledge form prepared by the researchers are used in the stage of data collection. The Nonlinear Canonic Correlation Analyze is used for put forward the relation between the accomplishment note in the Statistics lesson, repetition number, repetition reason and the attitude devoted to the statistics lesson of the university students. In the conclusion of the analysis it was found that the variables of accomplishment note in the Statistics lesson, repetition number and repetition reason are perform on the attitudes of students toward the Statistics lesson.Attitude toward Statistics, Scale of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATT), Nonlinear Canonic Correlation Analyze

A geographical study of transport in Saudi Arabia with special reference to road transport

This thesis has a dual theme a) to make a contribution to the promotion of the geographical approach in the field of transportation and b) to make a contribution to the development of transportation in Saudi Arabia. After an examination of the historical evolution of transport in Saudi Arabia detailed analytical surveys have been undertaken on the present development of transportation with especial emphasis on road transport which forms the backbone of the transportation services in the country. Chapter one is a short introduction to get the reader acquainted with the relevant aspects of the geography of Saudi Arabia as well as with the scope approach and objectives of the study. Chapter Two is a study of the history of transport in Saudi Arabia from the very early times until the first half of the present century. Chapters Three Four and Five deal with the development of the modern road network and its association with socio-economic and other geographical factors. Chapters Six and Seven examine the motor vehicle stock and road traffic whilst Chapter Eight is a study of air traffic. In Chapter Nine three problems of under-utilization in road traffic were discussed whilst in Chapter Ten the impact of transport development on settlements and social changes were investigated and analysed. Chapter Eleven ends this analytical survey with a study of the cost and pricing of road transport. In Chapter Twelve the Ideal-Typical Sequence Model of transport development in underdeveloped countries was applied to Saudi Arabia the Sudan and some other Middle Eastern countries and certain modifications were suggested to make the model of more general application. The final chapter deals with the problems and prospects of transport development in Saudi Arabia drawing the broad lines of a general strategy for future transport development

Finansal Gelisme ve Ekonomik Buyume Iliskisi: Turkiye Ekonomisi Uzerine Ekonometrik Bir Uygulama

In the relationship between financial development and economic growth, supply-leading and demand-following hypothesis have great importance. According to supply-leading hypothesis, financial development leads to economic growth, however demand following hypothesis asserts that the direction of the relationship runs from economic growth to financial development. In this study, financial development and economic growth relationship is examined for Turkey over the period of 1970-2004. Granger causality test results show that financial development leads to economic growth and support the supply-leading hypothesis for Turkey.Financial Development, Financial Repression, Economic Growth, Time Series, Unit Root, Granger Causality Test, Turkish Economy

A Socio-pragmatic Study of Request Modification in Iraqi Non-standard Arabic.

This study aims at finding out whether there are any gender-based differences in the use of external modification devices in request by native speakers of Iraqi non-standard Arabic. The data is collected by means of DCTs (discourse completion tasks). The subjects are Iraqi students and all of them are native speakers of Iraqi non-standard Arabic representing both males and females. The result shows that there are differences between Iraqi males and females in the rate of frequencies of the external modification devices. The results are discussed , analyzed and pedagogical implications are highlighted

Yuksek Enflasyon Enflasyon Belirsizligini Artiriyor mu?

In this study, the relation between inflation and inflation uncertainty was examined for the period of 1987:1-2005:6 monthly for the Turkish economy. EGARCH was utilized to get inflation uncertainty. Although there is a bi-directional causality relation between the variables according to Hsiao and Granger approaches, the sign of causality running from inflation uncertainty to inflation as to Granger causality test is not significant. VAR analysis shows that there exist a uni-directional causality relation running from inflation to inflation uncertainty. Shortly, inflation has a strong effect on inflation uncertainty. Achieved empirical results from Granger causality test and VAR analyses support the Friedman-Ball hypothesis in that period.Inflation, inflation uncertainty, EGARCH, unit root, causality, Granger, VAR.