35 research outputs found
Quantum Computers and Dissipation
We analyse dissipation in quantum computation and its destructive impact on
efficiency of quantum algorithms. Using a general model of decoherence, we
study the time evolution of a quantum register of arbitrary length coupled with
an environment of arbitrary coherence length. We discuss relations between
decoherence and computational complexity and show that the quantum
factorization algorithm must be modified in order to be regarded as efficient
and realistic.Comment: 20 pages, Latex, 7 Postscript figure
Quantum Algorithms: Entanglement Enhanced Information Processing
We discuss the fundamental role of entanglement as the essential nonclassical
feature providing the computational speed-up in the known quantum algorithms.
We review the construction of the Fourier transform on an Abelian group and the
principles underlying the fast Fourier transform algorithm. We describe the
implementation of the FFT algorithm for the group of integers modulo 2^n in the
quantum context, showing how the group-theoretic formalism leads to the
standard quantum network and identifying the property of entanglement that
gives rise to the exponential speedup (compared to the classical FFT). Finally
we outline the use of the Fourier transform in extracting periodicities, which
underlies its utility in the known quantum algorithms.Comment: 17 pages latex, no figures. To appear in Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
(Lond.) 1998, Proceedings of Royal Society Discussion Meeting ``Quantum
Computation: Theory and Experiment'', held in November 199
Geometric phases for mixed states in interferometry
We provide a physical prescription based on interferometry for introducing
the total phase of a mixed state undergoing unitary evolution, which has been
an elusive concept in the past. We define the parallel transport condition that
provides a connection-form for obtaining the geometric phase for mixed states.
The expression for the geometric phase for mixed state reduces to well known
formulas in the pure state case when a system undergoes noncyclic and unitary
quantum evolution.Comment: Two column, 4 pages, Latex file, No figures, Few change
Reply to `Singularities of the mixed state phase'
The only difference between Bhandari's viewpoint [quant-ph/0108058] and ours
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2845 (2000)] is that our phase is defined modulo ,
whereas Bhandari argues that two phases that differ by , integer,
may be distinguished experimentally in a history-dependent manner.Comment: 2 page
Experimental Demonstration of Quantum State Multi-meter and One-qubit Fingerprinting in a Single Quantum Device
We experimentally demonstrate in NMR a quantum interferometric multi-meter
for extracting certain properties of unknown quantum states without resource to
quantum tomography. It can perform direct state determinations,
eigenvalue/eigenvector estimations, purity tests of a quantum system, as well
as the overlap of any two unknown quantum states. Using the same device, we
also demonstrate one-qubit quantum fingerprinting
Surface Acoustic Wave Single-Electron Interferometry
We propose an experiment to observe interference of a single electron as it
is transported along two parallel quasi-one-dimensional channels trapped in a
single minimum of a travelling periodic electric field. The experimental device
is a modification of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) based quantum processor.
Interference is achieved by creating a superposition of spatial wavefunctions
between the two channels and inducing a relative phase shift via either a
transverse electric field or a magnetic field. The interference can be used to
estimate the decoherence time of an electron in this type of solid-state
device
Optimal universal quantum cloning and state estimation
We derive a tight upper bound for the fidelity of a universal N to M qubit
cloner, valid for any M \geq N, where the output of the cloner is required to
be supported on the symmetric subspace. Our proof is based on the concatenation
of two cloners and the connection between quantum cloning and quantum state
estimation. We generalise the operation of a quantum cloner to mixed and/or
entangled input qubits described by a density matrix supported on the symmetric
subspace of the constituent qubits. We also extend the validity of optimal
state estimation methods to inputs of this kind.Comment: 4 pages (RevTeX
Tomographic Quantum Cryptography: Equivalence of Quantum and Classical Key Distillation
The security of a cryptographic key that is generated by communication
through a noisy quantum channel relies on the ability to distill a shorter
secure key sequence from a longer insecure one. For an important class of
protocols, which exploit tomographically complete measurements on entangled
pairs of any dimension, we show that the noise threshold for classical
advantage distillation is identical with the threshold for quantum entanglement
distillation. As a consequence, the two distillation procedures are equivalent:
neither offers a security advantage over the other.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
A universal quantum estimator
Almost all computational tasks in the modem computer can be designed from basic building blocks. These building blocks provide a powerful and efficient language for describing algorithms. In quantum computers, the basic building blocks are the quantum gates. In this tutorial, we will look at quantum gates that act on one and two qubits and briefly discuss how these gates can be used in quantum networks