A Review on Classification of White Blood Cells Using Machine Learning Models

The machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models contribute to exceptional medical image analysis improvement. The models enhance the prediction and improve the accuracy by prediction and classification. It helps the hematologist to diagnose the blood cancer and brain tumor based on calculations and facts. This review focuses on an in-depth analysis of modern techniques applied in the domain of medical image analysis of white blood cell classification. For this review, the methodologies are discussed that have used blood smear images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-rays, and similar medical imaging domains. The main impact of this review is to present a detailed analysis of machine learning techniques applied for the classification of white blood cells (WBCs). This analysis provides valuable insight, such as the most widely used techniques and best-performing white blood cell classification methods. It was found that in recent decades researchers have been using ML and DL for white blood cell classification, but there are still some challenges. 1) Availability of the dataset is the main challenge, and it could be resolved using data augmentation techniques. 2) Medical training of researchers is recommended to help them understand the structure of white blood cells and select appropriate classification models. 3) Advanced DL networks such as Generative Adversarial Networks, R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, and faster R-CNN can also be used in future techniques.Comment: 23 page

Factors associated with seropositivity of Hepatitis B & C: A case control study at Azad Jammu and Kashmir

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with seropositivity of hepatitis B and C at Azad Jammu and Kashmir  STUDY DESIGN: Case Control study.  SETTING AND DURATION: Department of Gastroenterology Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital/ AK Combined Military Hospital Rawalakot, from 1s tJanuary 2021 to 30th June 2021. METHODOLOGY: This study involved 173 patients suffering from Hepatitis B or C.144 age and gender matched healthy controls was enrolled from within the hospital. Detailed socio-demographic proforma was filled by both the cases and controls which included all the relevant factors. Pearson chi-square test was applied to look for statistically significant difference in factors associated with seropositivity of hepatitis B and C among cases and controls.  RESULTS:  A totalof 317 participants were included in the study. 144 were healthy controls and 173 were patients suffering from hepatitis B and C. 149 (86.1%) had hepatitis C while 24 (13.9%) had hepatitis B. Mean age of the study participants were 36.95±3.19 years. Marital status, positive family history of hepatitis B and C and history of surgery or dental procedure had statistically significant relationship with seropositivity of Hepatitis B and C (p-value<0.05)  CONCLUSION: Individuals who were married or had anybody in family positive for hepatitis B and C were more at risk of having these infections. In this study dental procedures, surgeries and family history of these infections have highest incidence of risk factors associated with HCV & HBV infections

Nurses’ awareness as a result of short term stoma bag life experienceStoma torbası deneyiminin hemşirelerin farkındalıkları üzerine etkisi

This is an experimental study conducted for raising awareness about being a patient with stoma in nurses working in surgical services where intestinal stoma is opened in Balcalı Hospital, Çukurova University.The stoma bag was inserted after applying “Introduction and Evaluation Form” which involved 11 questions was developed by the researcher via face-to-face interview technique with the nurses participating in the study and administering “Pre-Application Data Form” consisting after studying with stoma bag, whose 1/3 was filled with water, for 6 hours; “Post-Application Data Form” was administered.In nurses’ evaluation of first three feelings that the patients were experiencing before and after the life experience of using stoma bag for a short time; the difference between the exclusion feeling scores was found to be highly significant (z=-3.411; p=0.001). In the evaluation of the nurses for the question “will you share the information that you have stoma with your friend if you were a person with a stoma” before and after the stoma bag life experiment, the difference was determined to be statistically significant (z=-2.000; p=0.001). The difference between the evaluation scores for the patients to cope with their stomas before and after the application was observed to be highly significant (z=-4.724; p=0.000).Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.  ÖzetAraştırma, Çukurova Üniversitesi Balcalı Hastanesi’nde bağırsak stoması açılan cerrahi servislerde çalışan hemşirelerde stomalı hastalarla ilgili farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla yarıdeneysel tipte yapılmıştır.Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taraması yapılarak hazırlanmış kişisel bilgi formu ve öntest/sontest veri formları ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplanmış, sonrasında katılımcı hemşirelere stoma torbası takılmıştır. 1/3’üne kadar su ile doldurulan stoma torbası ile 6 saat çalıştıktan sonra tekrar anket formu uygulanmıştır.Hemşirelerin stoma torbası deneyimi öncesi ve sonrası hastaların en sık yaşadığı ilk üç duyguyu değerlendirmeleri incelendiğinde, dışlanma duygusu puan ortalamalarını diğer ortalamalara göre yüksek olduğu ve aradaki farkın istatistiksel olarak ileri derece anlamlı olduğu saptandı (z=-3.411; p=0.001). Hemşirelerin stoma torbası deneyimi öncesi ve sonrası “stomalı bir birey olsaydınız stomanız olduğunu iş arkadaşlarınız ile paylaşır mıydınız?” sorusunu değerlendirmelerinde farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlendi (z=-2.000; p=0.001).Uygulama öncesi ve sonrası hastaların stomaları ile baş etmelerini değerlendirme puanortalamaları  arasındaki farkın ileri derecece anlamlı olduğu görüldü (z=-4.724; p=0.000)

Renewable energy can drive job creation in the GCC

As global economies continue to struggle with remnants of the persistent economic crisis, unemployment and its associated social and economic impacts remains a key concern and an instrumental driver of public polic

Effect of glabridin on microvascular permeability of plasma proteins induced by carrageenan

In present study, investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of glabridin (GLA) in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test of rats. Inflammation is an answer to the body's immune response to various stimuli such as physical trauma, various antigens chemicals, microorganisms radiation- damaged tissues. The cause of this edema is the increase of vascular permeability. an increase in local blood flow as well as the penetration of neutrophils and macrophages into the inflamed tissue. The current study aimed to determine the mechanism of microvascular leakage on carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw. edema of GLA. Therefore 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses of GLA were given intraperitoneal 3 days before intraplantar administration of CAR by using Evans blue (EB) method and by measuring paw thickness with electronic digital calipers. As a result, GLA inhibited both edema and microvascular leak. The results of our study suggest that pretreat-GLA to CAR -induced paw edema of rats via anti-inflammatory potential through inhibition of parameters such as microvascular escape and anti-edematous effect. These findings may be a new treatment of inflammation by anti-protein leakage of GLA

Nurse's Awareness as a result of short term stoma bag life experience

Taylan S., Akıl Y., Cihan R., Arslan S., "Nurse's Awareness as a result of short term stoma bag life experience", EORNA, Rodos, YUNANISTAN, 4-7 Mayıs 2017, pp.162-16

Nurses’ awareness as a result of short term stoma bag life experience

Araştırma, Çukurova Üniversitesi Balcalı Hastanesi’nde bağırsak stoması açılan cerrahi servislerde çalışan hemşirelerde stomalı hastalarla ilgili farkındalık yaratmak amacıyla yarıdeneysel tipte yapılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taraması yapılarak hazırlanmış kişisel bilgi formu ve öntest/sontest veri formları ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplanmış, sonrasında katılımcı hemşirelere stoma torbası takılmıştır. 1/3’üne kadar su ile doldurulan stoma torbası ile 6 saat çalıştıktan sonra tekrar anket formu uygulanmıştır. Hemşirelerin stoma torbası deneyimi öncesi ve sonrası hastaların en sık yaşadığı ilk üç duyguyu değerlendirmeleri incelendiğinde, dışlanma duygusu puan ortalamalarını diğer ortalamalara göre yüksek olduğu ve aradaki farkın istatistiksel olarak ileri derece anlamlı olduğu saptandı (z=-3.411; p=0.001). Hemşirelerin stoma torbası deneyimi öncesi ve sonrası “stomalı bir birey olsaydınız stomanız olduğunu iş arkadaşlarınız ile paylaşır mıydınız?” sorusunu değerlendirmelerinde farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlendi (z=- 2.000; p=0.001).Uygulama öncesi ve sonrası hastaların stomaları ile baş etmelerini değerlendirme puanortalamaları arasındak

Karaoğlan : 1960-70 yılları arasında "Karaoğlan" çizgi romanı

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2015.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Sönmez, Ebru

PEG 6000-Stimulated Drought Stress Improves the Attributes of In Vitro Growth, Steviol Glycosides Production, and Antioxidant Activities in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

This study addresses the favourable effects of drought stress imposed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 on the micropropagated shoots of Stevia rebaudiana. Various concentrations, i.e., 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% of PEG 6000 were applied to the nodal shoot explants for four weeks, and the influence produced on shoots growth parameters, bioactive steviol glycosides (rebaudioside A and stevioside), and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total reducing power (TRP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)-free radical scavenging activity (FRSA)) was elucidated. The significantly highest yield (92.4% direct shoot organogenesis) and secondary metabolites (2.94% Reb A, 2.52% ST, 95.3% DPPH-FRSA, 15.0% TPC, 13.0 µg/mg TFC, 22.3 µg/mg TAC, and 19.8 µg/mg TRP) production in response to abiotic stress elicitors was obtained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium treatment provided with 4% of PEG 6000. The overall trend was significant enhancement of growth dynamics and pharmaceutical compounds from control to 4% of PEG 6000 concentration as a defensive response against reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in excess by water deficit. This is a very promising study to be employed in bioreactors to get markedly enhanced content of compounds of medicinal importance in the pharmaceutical market