Actionable insights through association mining of exchange rates: a case study

Association mining is the methodology within data mining that researches associations among the elements of a given set, based on how they appear together in multiple subsets of that set. Extensive literature exists on the development of efficient algorithms for association mining computations, and the fundamental motivation for this literature is that association mining reveals actionable insights and enables better policies. This motivation is proven valid for domains such as retailing, healthcare and software engineering, where elements of the analyzed set are physical or virtual items that appear in transactions. However, the literature does not prove this motivation for databases where items are “derived items”, rather than actual items. This study investigates the association patterns in changes of exchange rates of US Dollar, Euro and Gold in the Turkish economy, by representing the percentage changes as “derived items” that appear in “derived market baskets”, the day on which the observations are made. The study is one of the few in literature that applies such a mapping and applies association mining in exchange rate analysis, and the first one that considers the Turkish case. Actionable insights, along with their policy implications, demonstrate the usability of the developed analysis approach

International Actorness Status of Terrorist Organizations in Terms of Classical Realism: Their Usage as an Instrument

Terrorist organizations are one of the non-state armed actors that threaten national and international security. The approach towards the terrorist organizations has gained a new momentum especially after the terrorist attacks which were carried out on September 11, 2001 and have started to gain a seat more frequently in international relations and international security studies.Classical realism is one of the most frequently cited traditional theories in case studies in international relations. According to classical realism, where the state is considered the only actor, the system in international relations is based on anarchy. States focus primarily on their own interests. States that do not hesitate to open war if necessary act in their own interests, and cooperation is impossible. Terrorist organizations are also a foreign policy tool according to classical realism. Terrorist organizations, which are used as a tool used in proxy wars, also have some advantages in terms of the state that uses them. According to classical realism, which argues that ethical and moral rules are not important in foreign policy, there is no point in acting in accordance with human values in achieving success.In studies conducted regarding terrorist organizations, there are also subjects where consensus cannot be reached. One of those is that the question of whether or not they are an international actor like states. Terrorist organizations have the ability to deter individuals by frightening them as an armed element. They can even play a role in shaping domestic and foreign policies of states. In addition to this, it is also known that they get direct or indirect support.The main focus of this work is whether or not the terrorist organizations, which have taken the form of an instrument in the foreign policies of states by receiving aid from them, can be accepted as an international actor in the real sense. In order to find the correct answer, the concepts of proxy war and hybrid war were addressed; the difference between state sponsored terror and state terrorism was examined and the approach of realists to legal entities that are accepted by some theories as non-state actors were studied. In the main chapter, a focus was placed on drawing a conclusion by searching for an answer to the question

A Rare Renal Epithelial Tumor: Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary renal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare lesion of kidney which originates from the metaplasia of the renal pelvic uroepithelium. Only one case with primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma has been reported in the English literature. We report second case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma which was radiologically classified as type-IIF Bosniak cyst in peripheral localization. We aimed to present this extreme and unusual entity with its radiological, surgical, and pathologic aspects under the light of literature

Covid-19 Salgını Sürecinde Sağlık Personelinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Yorgunluk Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, salgın sürecinde sağlık çalışanlarının fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri, beslenme ve uyku durumları ile yaşam kaliteleri, yorgunluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya özel ve kamu kuruluşlarında aktif olarak çalışan 18-65 yaş arası 151 sağlık personeli dahil edildi. Veriler elektronik ortamda toplanmış olup katılımcıların demografik bilgileri için “Genel Bilgi Formu”, fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri için “Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Formu”, yaşam kalitesi için “Kısa Form-12 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği” ve yorgunluk düzeyi için “Yorgunluk Şiddet Ölçeği” kullanıldı. Bulgular: Sağlık çalışanlarının fiziksel aktivite toplam puanları ile yaşam kalitesi fiziksel bileşen (r=0,107, p>0,05) ve mental bileşen (r=0,222, p>0,05) puanları arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemeye yönelik yapılan test sonuçlarına göre bu parametreler arasında hafif düzeyde pozitif yönde doğrusal ilişki vardı fakat bu ilişkiler istatistiksel olarak anlamsızdı. Sağlık çalışanlarının sırasıyla yorgunluk şiddetleri ile yaşam kalitesi mental puanı (r=-0,530,

Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Tip 1 Diyabetes Mellitus (T1DM) fiziksel ruhsal ve sosyal gelişim yönünden ciddi sonuçları olan genetik, otoimmün ve çevresel etkilerle insülin salınımındaki bozukluk sonrası karbonhidrat, protein ve yağ metabolizmasında bozuklukla sonuçlanan çocukluk ve adolesan yaş aralığının en sık görülen hormonal hastalığıdır. T1DM' li hastalarda otoimmün hastalıkların bazılarında görülme sıklığı artmıştır. Çalışmamızda Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı, Çocuk Endokrinoloji Bilim Dalı Polikliniği'de 2010 ile 2018 tarihleri arasında T1DM tanılı takip ve tedavi edilen 100 hastanın tanı anında ve takipte gelişen otoimmün tiroidit sıklığının tespit edilmesi ve varsa otoimmün tiroidit için risk faktörlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 2010-2018 tarihlerinde Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Çocuk Endokrinoloji Bilim Dalı'nda takip edilen yaşları 6 ay-18 yıl arasında 100 tip 1 diyabetli çocuk ve adölesanın klinik ve laboratuar bulguları ile tiroid fonksiyonları, yaş, cinsiyet ve diğer antropometrik ölçümler hastane dosyaları üzerinden retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: 100 hastanın diyabet tanı yaşı yıl ortalaması 8,50±3,95 (Min.=1,00-Maks.=17,00). Bu hastaların 42'si (%42,0) erkek 58'i kız (%58,0) olup tüm vakaların 50'si (%50,0) puberte dönemindeydi. Vakaların klinik özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde 22 (%22,0) hastanın otoimmun tiroidit olduğu görüldü. Otoimmün tiroidit hastalarınını 6'sı (%6,0) hipotiroidi, 4'ü (%4,0) Subklinik hipotiroidi ve 2'si (%2,0) Hipertiroidi kliniğine sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Otoimmün tiroidit hastalarının yaş ortalamaları 16,69 olıp 22 hastanın 18'i (%81,8) kız 4'ü (%18,2) erkekti. Tiroidit hastalarının 14'ü (%59,1) pubertal, 9'u (%40,9) prepubertaldi. Otoimmün tiroidit gelişen olgularla gelişmeyen olguların klinik ve laboratuar bulguları karşılaştırıldığında (yaş, cinsiyet, puberte, antropometrik ölçümler, kontrol kan şekerleri (tiroidit hastalarında tiroidit tanısı anı kontroller), glikolize hemoglobin, C-peptid, serbest tiroksin, tiroid stimülan hormon ve diyabet otoantikorları) yaş ve kontrol kan şekerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklı bulundu. Otoimmün tiroiditi olan T1DM'li olguların yaş ortalaması otoimmün tiroiditi olmayanlara göre daha büyük, kız cinsiyet oranı yüksek ve pubertal olgu oranı daha fazlaydı. Birden fazla tiroit otoantikor pozitifliği tiroidit için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklı bulunmadı. Sonuç: T1DM'li hastalarda, özellikle puberte döneminde otoimmün tiroidit gelişme sıklığı normal popülasyona göre fazladır. Yaşı büyük hastalarda ve şeker regülasyonu bozuk seyreden hastalarda rutin önlemlerin fayda göstermediği durumlarda tiroidit ihtimali akla gelmelidir. Bu nedenle T1DM olguları tiroid otoantikorları ve tiroid hormonları açısından belirli periyotlarla değerlendirilmelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Tip 1 Diyabet, Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Otoimmün tiroiditType 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is the most common hormone disorder of childhood and adolescence that has unfavorable outcomes in physical, mental and social development, and leads to impaired carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolisms due to impaired release of insulin due to genetic, autoimmune and environmental factors. Incidence of some autoimmune diseases is increased in T1DM patients. In our study, determination of frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis, which developed at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up, of 100 patients diagnosed and followed-up with T1DM in Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic between 2010 and 2018 and, if existed, determination of risk factors for autoimmune thyroiditis was aimed. Method: In this study, clinical and laboratory findings, as well as gender, age and other anthropometrics of 100 children and adolescents at 6 months-18 years of age who were diagnosed and followed-up with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology between 2010 and 2018 were evaluated retrospectively by using hospital records. Results: Of 100 patients; mean age at diagnosis was 8.50±3.95 (Min=1.00-Max=17.00). Of these patients; 42 (42.0%) were male and 58 (58.0%) were female, with 50% being at pubertal age. When clinical features of the cases were evaluated, 22 (22.0%) of the patients were found to have autoimmune thyroiditis. Of the patients with autoimmune thyroiditis; 6 (6.0%) were determined to have clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism, 4 (4.0%) of subclinical hypothyroidism and 2 (2.0%) of hyperthyroidism. Mean age of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was 16.69 and of 22 patients; 18 (81.8.0%) were female and 4 (18.2) were male. Of the patient with thyroiditis; 14 (59.1%) were pubertal and 9 (40.9%) were prepubertal. Compared clinical and laboratory findings of the cases with and without autoimmune thyroiditis (age, gender, puberty, anthropometric measures, control blood glucose levels (controls at the time of diagnosis with thyroiditis in patients with thyroiditis), glycosylated hemoglobin, C-peptide, free thyroxin, thyroid stimulating hormone and diabetes autoantibodies), age and control blood glucose levels were determined to be statistically significantly different. Mean age, ratio of females to males and ratio of pubertal cases of the T1DM cases with autoimmune thyroiditis were higher compared to those without autoimmune thyroiditis. Presence of more than one positive thyroid autoantibody was not found to be statistically significantly different. Conclusion: In T1DM patients, incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis is higher compared to normal population, particularly during puberty. Possibility of thyroiditis should be considered in case where routine precautions fail in older patients and those with poorly regulated blood glucose levels. Therefore, T1DM cases should be screened at regular intervals for thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid hormones. Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Autoimmune thyroiditi

Koronavirüs Pandemisi Hakkındaki Spekülasyonlara Havayolu Hisse Senetlerinin Tepkisi: G7 Ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Havayolu İşletmelerinden Kanıtlar

Koronavirüs pandemisyle mücadele kapsamında alınan tedbirlerin başında gelen seyahat kısıtlamaları ve ülkeler arası seyahatlerin durdurulması, kısa sürede havacılık sektörünün pandemiden en yoğun etkilen sektörlerden biri olmasına sebep olmuştur.Hava trafiğindeki azalma, birçok havayolu işletmesinin filosundaki uçakların ve havaalanlarının âtıl durumda kalmasına yol açmıştır. Havayolu işletmelerinin hisse senetlerinin değerleri de bu süreçte etkilenerek, yatırımcılara kayıplar yaşatmış ve piyasa değerlerinin azalmasına sebep olmuştur. Havayolu hisse senetleri, ülkelerde ilk vakaların görülmesi, pandeminin ilan edilmesi, seyahat kısıtlamalarının kalkması, Avrupa’da yeşil koridor oluşturulması, pandemi ile mücadele kapsamında aşı çalışmaları, aşının bulunması, virüsün mutasyonlarının çıkması gibi çeşitli spekülatif durumları fiyatlamaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada G7 ülkeleri ile Türkiye’den seçilmiş havayolu işletmelerinin spekülatif haberlerin ortaya çıktığı tarihlerdeki hisse senedi fiyatlarındaki artış ve azalışları incelenerek, pandemi sürecindeki spekülasyonlara havayolu hisse senetlerinin tepkisini gözlemlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Havayolu işletmelerinin hisse senedi fiyatları incelendiğinde, olumsuz spekülasyonların çok yıkıcı şekilde etki göstererek hisse fiyatlarını düşürdüğü, ancak olumlu gelişmelerin tam olarak karşılık bulmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Havayolu işletmelerinin daha az etkilenmesi için hükümetlerin havacılık faaliyetlerini kesintiye uğratmayacak politikalar izlemesi önem arz etmektedir

Gemini-type 1(4),8(11)-15(18),22(25)-fluoroprobe attached as macrocyclically electrovalent mononuclear and bunk-type dinuclear phthalocyanines

The new gemini designed 1(4),8(11)-15(18),22(25)-fluoroprobe attached macrocyclically electrovalent mononuclear [(Co(II) (2a), Mn(III) (3a)] and bunk-type (dimer) electrovalent dinuclear [(Co(II) (2b), Mn(III) (36)] phthalocyanines have been synthesized as a mixture from the corresponding 3,3'-(1,1'-((4-methoxy phenyl)methylene)bis(naphthalene-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy)-diphthalonitrile (1), an adjacent bis dinitrile, which is obtained from the reaction of 3-nitrophthalonitrile and 1,1'-((4-methoxyphenyl)methylene)dinaphthalen-2-ol. The extraordinary mono and dinuclear types of phthalocyanines have been separated from each other by tedious purification using their different dissolution capabilities. FTIR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF/MS spectral, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis data have been used to characterize the novel compounds. The magnetic susceptibility studies revealed that all of the mono and dinuclear complexes are paramagnetic and high-spin complexes. The spectroscopic properties of the complexes, which are organo-soluble, are affected strongly by the fluorescent units on the periphery of the phthalocyanines. The fluorescence quantum yield was affected by the molecular structures of the mono and dinuclear manganese phthalocyanines (3a and 3b), and this is discussed. It was found that the cage effect diminished the fluorescence quantum yield of the phthalocyanine structure. The redox behavior of the complexes was examined by voltammetry on Pt in DMSO/TBAP. The electrochemical measurements showed the formation of pronounced-valence oxidation and reduction species with potential shifts. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Extraction of electronic parameters of organic diode fabricated with NIR absorbing functional manganase phthalocyanine organic semiconductor

The semiconducting and metal/organic semiconductor properties of the newly synthesized NIR absorbing alpha-substituted manganase phthalocyanine bearing functional 2,3-dihydroxypropylthio moieties {M[Pc(S-CH(3)CH(2)(OH)CH(2)(OH))](4)X}(M = Mn(III)) have been investigated by electrical conductivity-temperature, optical absorption and current-voltage characteristics methods. The electrical conductivity increases with the temperature, suggesting that the peripheral alpha-substituted-functional manganase phthalocyanine is an organic semiconductor. The optical band gap and trap energy values were determined and were found to be 2.98 eV and 1.95 eV, respectively. The ITO/MnPc/Al diode shows a rectifying behavior due to the formation of MnPc/Al interface with a rectification ratio of 29.4 at +/- 2 V. The series resistance R(s) and ideality factor n values were found to be 102.6 k Omega and 8.89, respectively. The interface state density for the diode was of order of 2.73 x 10(11) eV(-1) cm(-2) with the interface time constant of 1.93 x 10(-5). It is evaluated that newly synthesized alpha-substituted manganase phthalocyanine bearing functional 2,3-dihydroxypropylthio moieties is an organic semiconductor and can be used in electronic device applications as an organic diode. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Peripheral and non-peripheral-designed multifunctional phthalocyanines; synthesis, electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and metal ion binding studies

A novel type of ionophore ligands, 3'-(2,3-dihydroxypropylthio)-phthalonitrile and 4'(2,3-dihydroxypropylthio)-phthalonitrile, and their alpha- and beta-tetrasubstituted metallo phthalocyanines, (MPc), (M = Zn-II, Co-II, (MnCl)-Cl-III, (FeAc)-Ac-III, Cu-II) have been prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR, and MS (ESI and Maldi-TOF). The complexes are soluble in both polar and non-polar solvents, such as MeOH and EtOH, THF, CHCl3 and CH2Cl2. The spectroscopic properties of the complexes are affected strongly by the electron-donating sulfanyl units on the periphery of the phthalocyanines. The cation binding properties of the complexes, for example using Ag-I and Pd-II, were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the results show the formation of polynuclear phthalocyanine complexes. Functional donors on the periphery of the zinc and copper complexes coordinate to Ag-I and Pd-II to give ca. a 2:1 metal-phthalocyanine complex binding ratio for the concentration of 2.5 x 10(-5) M (Pc) and 1.0 x 10(-3) M (Metal ions). Voltammetric and in-situ spectroelectrochemical studies were performed to characterize the redox behavior of the complexes. An in-situ electrocolorimetric method was applied to investigate the colors of the electro-generated anionic and cationic forms of the complexes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Functional fluoro substituted tetrakis-metallophthalocyanines: Synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry

In this study, electron-withdrawing fluoro-functional ligand and its tetrakis 2,9,16,23-4-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro)-phenoxy-phthalocyaninatometal (II) complexes, (ZnPcOBzF(16), CuPcOBzF(16) and CoPcOBzF(16)) (Bz: benzene) which are organo-soluble have been prepared. Their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, UV/vis and MS (Maldi-TOF) spectral data. Electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms on 2,3,5,6-position of benzene at the peripheral sites increases the solubility of the tetrakis-metallophthalocyanines. The cyclic voltammetry and differential pulsed voltammetry of the complexes show that while CuPcOBzF(16) and ZnPcOBzF(16) give ligand-based reduction and oxidation processes, CoPcOBzF(16) gives both ligand and metal-based redox processes, in harmony with the common MPc complexes. Spectroelectrochemical measurements confirm the assignments of the complexes. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved