Floating formulation for Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis obtained from semi-solid rice medium.

A loopful of Bti mantained on Luria-Bertani agar medium was transferred to Bacto-Peptona agar medium. After 3 days at 30oC, the petri-disheswere washed with sterilized water (100ml/petri-dish). The suspension obtained represented the inoculum for the semi-solid rice-based fermentation medium. The growth units were incubated until complete sporulation of Bti. The resulting biomass was dried at 60oC in an oven for 24h, sieved through 60 tyler. The retained powder did not show any larvicidal activity. In parallel, colloidal bentonite was treated with organic macromolecules dissolved in toluene, after sedimentation, the botton phase was dried at 120oC for 4h. This treatment led to a spreading and floating clay which resulted in a good carrier for Bti. Then, the the two powders were mixed in the proportion of 1(Bti):150(clay). The bioassays were performed under laboratory conditions utilizing 2nd instar Culex sp. larvae, with 3 repetitions (20 larvae each) being observed during 96 hours. The data were treated with Abbott method. A complete methodology was developed to get floating units of Bti with 143 mg/m2 of biological activity

Avaliação de linhagens de feijoeiro comum no tabuleiro costeiro do Espírito Santo.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de divulgar os resultados dos Testes de Adaptação Local, sob a responsabilidade do Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER), conduzidos na região dos tabuleiros costeiros do Espírito Santo no período de 2010 a 2012.CONAF

Avaliação regional de linhagens de feijoeiro comum do grupo preto no norte do Espírito Santo.

Este estudo tem por objetivo divulgar os resultados dos ensaios de VCU?s de 11 genótipos de feijoeiro do grupo preto, conduzidos nos anos de 2013 e 2014 no estado do Espírito Santo.CONAF

How does early defoliation influence the morphophysiology and biochemical characteristics of maize?

Defoliation is a type of mechanical stress, and few studies have investigated this process in the early stages of maize development. Pest attacks, hail and machinery traffic have increased in recent decades, thus increasing this stress and potentially leading to losses. Furthermore, there are corn production systems in Brazil where early defoliation naturally occurs. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the morphophysiological and biochemical changes in maize subjected to early defoliation and their effects on recovery from this stress. The experiment was performed in pots, and the plants were subjected to two treatments at the four fully expanded leaf stage: without defoliation (control) and with defoliation. Morphometric parameters, such as gas exchange, leaf pigment and biomolecule content, phytohormone con- tent, root morphology and leaf anatomy, were evaluated at seven and fourteen days after defoliation. Compared with the control plants, the defoliated corn plants were shorter in height, stem diameter, length, surface area, root diameter and volume, dry biomass and leaf anatomy. However, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and nutrient content were similar in both treatments. After seven days of treatment, the amino acid content increased in the defoliated plants, and after fourteen days, the reducing sugars, amino acids and proteins decreased in these plants. The levels of gibberellins and salicylic acid were greater in plants subjected to defoliation. The reestablishment of corn plants after defoliation occurred through the action of gibberellins and salicylic acid, which promoted the growth of aboveground biomass, maintenance of chlorophylls and gas exchange. The reallocation of amino acids and reducing sugars also contributes to the formation of new leaf primordia in defoliated plants

Avaliação de linhagens de feijoeiro comum de grãos carioca no norte do Espírito Santo.

Este estudo tem por objetivo divulgar os resultados dos ensaios de VCU?s de 14 genótipos de feijoeiro do grupo comercial carioca, conduzidos no ano de 2013 e 2014 no Estado do Espírito Santo.CONAF