THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF PASSION FOR TEACHING ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL HEADS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of passion for teaching on the relationship between organizational culture and empowering leadership of school heads. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 331 elementary public school teachers who belong to the 2 districts, Bansalan East and Bansalan West under the Division of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized the total population technique and survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r, and Path Analysis. From the results of the study, it was found out that there is a high level of mean scores for all variables of organizational culture and empowering leadership of school heads and very high mean scores for passion for teaching. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between organizational culture and between passion for teaching and empowering leadership of school heads. Further, it was revealed that there was a partial mediation effect of passion for teaching on the relationship between organizational culture and empowering leadership of school heads. This implies that the passion for teaching conveys organizational culture.  Article visualizations

Ethanol reversal of tolerance to the respiratory depressant effects of morphine

Opioids are the most common drugs associated with unintentional drug overdose. Death results from respiratory depression. Prolonged use of opioids results in the development of tolerance but the degree of tolerance is thought to vary between different effects of the drugs. Many opioid addicts regularly consume alcohol (ethanol), and post-mortem analyses of opioid overdose deaths have revealed an inverse correlation between blood morphine and ethanol levels. In the present study, we determined whether ethanol reduced tolerance to the respiratory depressant effects of opioids. Mice were treated with opioids (morphine, methadone, or buprenorphine) for up to 6 days. Respiration was measured in freely moving animals breathing 5% CO(2) in air in plethysmograph chambers. Antinociception (analgesia) was measured as the latency to remove the tail from a thermal stimulus. Opioid tolerance was assessed by measuring the response to a challenge dose of morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.). Tolerance developed to the respiratory depressant effect of morphine but at a slower rate than tolerance to its antinociceptive effect. A low dose of ethanol (0.3 mg/kg) alone did not depress respiration but in prolonged morphine-treated animals respiratory depression was observed when ethanol was co-administered with the morphine challenge. Ethanol did not alter the brain levels of morphine. In contrast, in methadone- or buprenorphine-treated animals no respiratory depression was observed when ethanol was co-administered along with the morphine challenge. As heroin is converted to morphine in man, selective reversal of morphine tolerance by ethanol may be a contributory factor in heroin overdose deaths

Tingkahlaku isirumah dan pengurusan sisa pepejal kawasan perumahan di Jakarta, Indonesia

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengurusan sisa pepejal di pemukiman berpendapatan tinggi dan berpendapatan rendah di Jakarta, Indonesia. Fokus kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti tingkah laku dan faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku masyarakat, terhadap pengurusan sisa pepejal. Kajian menggunakan soal selidik seramai 117 yang diberikan secara rawak kepada warga masyarakat di kawasan Kelapa Gading dan Warakas dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah deskriptif dan inferensi. Penemuan kajian menunjukkan bahawa ada perbezaan tingkah laku antara warga masyarakat yang berpendapatan tinggi dan rendah. Bagi masyarakat yang berpendapatan rendah (Warakas) terbukti wujud hubungan yang signifikan antara pendapatan dengan kesedaran masyarakat untuk mengurangkan sisa, mengasingkan sisa, aktiviti kitar semula (kaedah 3R) dan pengkomposan. Faktor pendidikan juga menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan pengetahuan masyarakat berkenaan pengurusan sampah sarap. Manakala untuk masyarakat yang berpendapatan tinggi (Kelapa Gading) hanya wujud hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor pendidikan dengan kebiasaan membuang sampah. Kesimpulannya, penglibatan daripada semua pihak yang berkaitan amatlah penting bagi mewujudkan pengurusan sisa buangan yang baik terutamanya (isi rumah) sebagai pembuang sampah dan pihak kerajaan sebagai pembuat dasar

Population recovery following decline in an endangered stream-breeding frog (mixophyes fleayi) from subtropical Australia

Amphibians have undergone dramatic declines and extinctions worldwide. Prominent among these have been the streambreeding frogs in the rainforests of eastern Australia. The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been postulated as the primary cause of these declines. We conducted a capture-mark-recapture study over a 7-year period on the endangered Fleay’s barred frog (Mixophyes fleayi) at two independent streams (30 km apart) in order to assess the stability of these populations. This species had undergone a severe decline across its narrow geographic range. Markrecapture modelling showed that the number of individuals increased 3–10 fold along stream transects over this period. Frog detection probabilities were frequently above 50% but declined as the populations increased. Adult survival was important to overall population persistence in light of low recruitment events, suggesting that longevity may be a key factor in this recovery. One male and female were present in the capture record for .6 years. This study provides an unambiguous example of population recovery in the presence of Bd