CAD MODEL OF PATIENT SPECIFIC PORTAL VEIN FOR ANALYSIS OF LIVER DISORDER

Recent days Computer-aided design and image processing techniques are one of the most emerging useful tools for analysis of models in various medical, industrial and research areas. In medical field for the diagnosis of various diseases in vivo techniques including biochemical test, enzymatic tests are needed for continuous monitoring of patients. These diagnosis procedures are time consuming and inconvenient for patients. Therefore Computer assisted designing and image processing techniques are most promising non invasive tools for faster diagnosis and useful tool for designing of biomedical implants. In this paper portal vein was segmented from patient’s Liver computed tomography (CT) image by dedicated software. A Liver’s CT image of 38 year old Indian male patient’s was collected and by using imaged based software MIMICS (Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System, Belgium) 3D model of HPV (hepatic portal vein) was obtained and Solid Work Professional (Dassault Systems Solid Works Corporation, USA) software was used for designing of normal portal vein’s 3D model and various portal vein diseased models including minor right portal vein thrombosis ( 19- 20% reduction in medial region of vein), severe right portal vein thrombosis (20-22% reduction in medial and distal region of vein), minor left portal vein thrombosis (19-20% reduction in medial region of vein, severe right portal vein thrombosis(20-22% reduction in medial and distal region of vein), left aneurysm (150-200 % increase of medial region).These models can be used for designing for implants and analysis of portal vein’s disorder like portal thrombosis, and portal aneurysm which are main cause of portal hypertension and also useful for surgeon for planning surgery and also helpful for understanding of portal vein hemodynamic (pressure, velocity, wall shear force

Evaluation of Low Bone Mineral Mass Using a Combination of Peripheral Bone Mineral Density and Total Body Composition Variables by Neural Network

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate low bone mass using the feed-forward neural network (NN) with good accuracy taking into account the forearm and heel bone mineral density (BMD) as well as total body composition variables. A total number of 162 subjects including 88 women (mean ± SD age = 37.7 ± 15.2 years) and 74 men (mean ± SD age=31.3 ± 10.9 years) were studied. In each subject, BMD (g cm-2) at forearm and heel using peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) and total body composition variables by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer were measured. The measured forearm BMD was used to estimate femur neck BMD by DXA using the published formula. Based on its T-score value, subjects were classified as normal and low bone mineral mass groups separately. In women, it was found that the forearm BMD was positively correlated with body fat percentage (r=0.327; p<0.001). It was observed that 27% of women and 15% of men were affected by low bone mass. In the NN modelling, the following 10 measured variables were used in men and women separately: i) BMI ((kg/m2); ii) average forearm BMD (g/cm2); iii) average heel BMD (g/cm2); iv) body fat (%); v) muscle mass (kg); vi) visceral fat index; vii) bone mineral mass (kg); viii) total body water, TBW (%); ix) basal metabolic rate, BMR (kCal); and x) metabolic age (years). Analysis of low bone mineral mass evaluation using NN projected an accuracy of 87.5% and 85.1% in women and men population, respectively. With the aid of BMD at peripheral skeletal sites and total body composition variables, low bone mass can be evaluated with good accuracy

Community-Specific BMI Cutoff Points for South Indian Females

Objective. To analyze multiparameters related to total body composition, with specific emphasis on obesity in South Indian females, in order to derive community-specific BMI cutoff points. Patients and Methods. A total number of 87 females (of age 37.33 ± 13.12 years) from South Indian Chennai urban population participated in this clinical study. Body composition analysis and anthropometric measurements were acquired after conducting careful clinical examination. Results. BMI demonstrated high significance when normal group (21.02 ± 1.47 kg/m2) was compared with obese group (29.31 ± 3.95 kg/m2), P < 0.0001. BFM displayed high significance when normal group (14.92 ± 4.28 kg) was compared with obese group (29.94 ± 8.1 kg), P < 0.0001. Conclusion. Community-specific BMI cutoffs are necessary to assess obesity in different ethnic groups, and relying on WHO-based universal BMI cutoff points would be a wrong strategy

Evaluation of Mammary Cancer in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Wister Rats by Asymmetrical Temperature Distribution Analysis Using Thermography: A Comparison with Serum CEA Levels and Histopathology

Animal surface temperature profile captured using infrared camera is helpful for the assessment of physiological responses associated with the regulation of body temperature. Diagnosing breast cancer in early stage itself has a greater effect on the prognosis. In this work, asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis of chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced in the lower right flank region of Wistar rats (n=6) was carried out to test the potential of thermography in diagnosing mammary cancer and tumor growth over a period of nine weeks in comparison with histopathology results as standard. Temperature difference between the tumor induced lower right and left side of flank region was significant (with P value <0.001), whereas in the abdomen and shoulder there was no significant difference in temperature between right and left sides. Percentage of asymmetrical temperature difference in the tumor induced lower flank region was 0.5 to 2%, whereas in the other regions it was <0.5%. Green pixel distribution in RGB color histogram was asymmetrical in the tumor induced lower flank region. Temperature reduction was observed in the tumor induced region after the seventh day of carcinogen induction. Asymmetrical thermogram analysis is the best method of diagnosing mammary cancer and for studying tumor development

PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AND ITS USEFULNESS IN ESTIMATION OF HYPERTENSION

Objective: Arterial vessel wall stiffness†is an important determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Prolonged hypertension causes deteriorationin the blood vessel elasticity. Hypertension can be prevented by early diagnosis. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the direct method for assessing thearterial stiffness. Though numerous studies have been performed, the definite limit is not declared to evaluate CVD based on the threshold of PWVfor South Indian population.Methods: In this study, we included a total of 246 healthy controls and 14 hypertensive patients. Mechanical variables of blood flow are measuredusing PC-based periScope Device (Genesis Medical Systems, India). The following variables are measured from the normal controls and hypertensivepatients: (i) Heart rate (bpm), (ii) systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg), (iii) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg), (iv) brachial PWV(baPWV) (cm/s), (v) carotid-femoral PWV (C-F PWV) (cm/s), (vi) pulse pressure (mm Hg), (vii) arterial stiffness index (ASI) (mmHg), (viii) anklebrachialindex (ABI), (ix) aortic SBP and DBP (mmHg), and (x) aortic augmentation pressure (mmHg).Results: The study shows the deterioration in the vessel elasticity with advancing age in both men and women. In the normal men population studied(n=135), an increase in SBP from a young age to older age was 3.7%, likewise in women (n=111), it was 12%. A standard cutoff value of 1738 cm/sfor baPWV and 1215 cm/s for C-F PWV was calculated from the combined group of known hypertensive patients and age- and sex-matched normalcontrols.Conclusion: Thus, the PWV and the variables derived from it can be used for evaluating the status of blood vessels noninvasively.Keywords: Vascular stiffness, Pulse wave velocity, Gender, Carotid-femoral, Hypertensive

Potential of thermal imaging as a tool for prediction of cardiovascular disease

Vascular dysfunction is associated with onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Its effect is reflected as temperature change on the skin. The aim of this work was to test the potential of thermal imaging as cost effective screening tool for prediction of CVD. Thermal imaging of various parts of the subject (N = 80, male/female =44/36, aged 25-75 years) was done using noncontact infrared (IR) camera. In each subject, total cholesterol (TC; mg/dl) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL, mg/dl) were measured according to standard biochemical analysis. Based on National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III criteria, subject with known CVD (N = 16) and age- and sex- matched normal subjects (N = 21) were included in the study. The average surface temperature of various parts from head to toe was calculated and statistical analysis was performed between the groups. In the total population (N = 37), correlation study shows TC (mg/dl) was correlated with measured surface temperature of the following regions: Temporal left (r = −0.316) and right (r = −0.417), neck left (r = 0.347) and right (r = −0.410), and hand left (r = 0.387). HDL (mg/dl) was found to be correlated with measured surface temperature of the following regions: Temporal left (r = 0.445) and right (r = 0.458), hand left (r = −0.470), and foot anterior left (r = −0.332) and right (r = −0.336). Temperature asymmetry was more significant in upper extremity in CVD group. Using the surface temperature, regression models were calculated for noninvasive estimation of TC and HDL. The predictive ability of measured surface temperature for TC and HDL was 60%. The model for noninvasive estimation gave sensitivity and specificity value of 79 and 83% for TC and 78 and 81% for HDL, respectively. Thus, the surface temperature can be one of the screening tools for prediction of CVD. The limitation of the present study is also discussed under future work

Evaluation of osteoporosis in Indian women and men using peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (pDXA)

It has been claimed that osteoporosis is becoming more common in India although its prevalence in the country has not been established. Because of the lack of facilities for measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), very little population-based research on osteoporosis has been done in India. The primary objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of osteoporosis in a group of otherwise normal volunteers using forearm BMD measured by peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (pDXA). A total of 179 Indian men and women aged 20 years or more attended a free screening camp; of these, 167 were eligible to participate in the study. Total distal forearm BMD (g cm-2) was measured using an Osteometer DTX-200 pDXA bone densitometer. Data were analyzed by dividing the participants into sex and age-specific groups and using descriptive statistics. For each participant, the T-score was calculated as the difference between BMD and the mean BMD of a group of young persons of the same sex (peak BMD), divided by the group standard deviation (SD). For both women and men, peak BMD occurred in the 20-29 year age group. The mean (±SD) values were 0.393 (±0.031) and 0.433 (±0.073) g cm-2 respectively; the difference (9.2% relative to the male mean) was significant (p=0.01, unpaired t�test). These Indian total distal forearm peak BMD values were less than published corresponding values for Japanese and Caucasian populations. In Indian women and men aged 60 years or more, mean total distal forearm BMD values were significantly reduced (by 13% and 12% respectively) compared to those obtained for women and men aged 20-40 years. Using published Osteometer DTX-200 pDXA device�specific T-score thresholds, 31.8% (7/22) of Indian women aged 50 years or more were classified as having osteoporosis (T�score ≤-2.6) while 36.4% (8/22) were found to be at risk of osteoporosis (T-score between -1.5 and -2.5). Using the same T�score thresholds, no Indian male was found to have osteoporosis but 16.7% (4/24) of men aged 50 years or more were classified as being at risk of osteoporosis