Using Context-Based Password Strength Meter to Nudge Users' Password Generating Behavior: A Randomized Experiment

Encouraging users to create stronger passwords is one of the key issues in password-based authentication. It is particularly important as prior works have highlighted that most passwords are weak. Yet, passwords are still the most commonly used authentication method. This paper seeks to mitigate the issue of weak passwords by proposing a context-based password strength meter. We conduct a randomized experiment on Amazon MTurk and observe the change in users’ behavior. The results show that our proposed method is significantly effective. Users exposed to our password strength meter are more likely to change their passwords after seeing the warning message, and those new passwords are stronger. Furthermore, users are willing to invest their time to learn about creating a stronger password, even in a traditional password strength meter setting. Our findings suggest that simply incorporating contextual information to password strength meters could be an effective method in promoting more secure behaviors among end users

Incidence, risk factors and psychosomatic symptoms for traditional bullying and cyberbullying in Chinese adolescents

Introduction: The objectives were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of traditional bullying and cyberbullying in Chinese middle school children, and to explore the association between bullying and psychosomatic symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas in Chongqing, Henan and Zhejiang provinces in 2018. A self-completion questionnaire was completed by students in the classroom setting. Results: There were 3774 completed questionnaires: the mean age of respondents was 13.58 (SD 0.87). For traditional bullying, 1332 (35.6%) identified as victims, and 341 (9.5%) as perpetrators. For cyberbullying, 1170 (31.4%) identified as victims, and 622 (16.6%) as perpetrators. After controlling for confounders, risks for traditional victimization were being male, attending boarding school, low academic performance, and a poor relationship with parents. Traditional perpetrators were more likely to be male, and have a poor relationship with parents. Risks for being a victim or perpetrator of cyberbullying were the same: male sex, attending boarding school, and having a poor relationship with parents. Compared to non-victims, traditional victims and cyber victims were at least 1.5 times more likely to report headache and sleep problems; traditional victims were 1.3 times more likely, and cyber victims 1.4 times more likely to report abdominal pain. Conclusions: Schools must take measures to raise awareness of bullying, to identify bullies and victims, and especially to protect the most vulnerable adolescents

Asymptotic of 'rigid-body' motions for nonlinear dynamics: physical insight and methodologies

The purpose of the present work is to show that an adequate basis for understanding the essentially nonlinear phenomena must also be essentially nonlinear however still simple enough to play the role of a basis. It is shown that such types of 'elementary' nonlinear models can be revealed by tracking the hidden links between analytical tools of analyses and subgroups of the rigid-body motions or, in other terms, rigid Euclidean transformation. While the subgroup of rotations is linked with linear and weakly nonlinear vibrations, the translations with reflections can be viewed as a geometrical core of the strongly nonlinear dynamics associated with the so-called vibro-impact behaviors. It is shown that the corresponding analytical approach develops through non-smooth temporal substitutions generated by the impact models.Comment: Presented at 12th DSTA Conference, December 2-5, 2013 {\L}\'od\'z, Polan

Using Context-Based Password Strength Meter to Nudge Users\u27 Password Generating Behavior: A Randomized Experiment

Encouraging users to create stronger passwords is one of the key issues in password-based authentication. It is particularly important as prior works have highlighted that most passwords are weak. Yet, passwords are still the most commonly used authentication method. This paper seeks to mitigate the issue of weak passwords by proposing a context-based password strength meter. We conduct a randomized experiment on Amazon MTurk and observe the change in users’ behavior. The results show that our proposed method is significantly effective. Users exposed to our password strength meter are more likely to change their passwords after seeing the warning message, and those new passwords are stronger. Furthermore, users are willing to invest their time to learn about creating a stronger password, even in a traditional password strength meter setting. Our findings suggest that simply incorporating contextual information to password strength meters could be an effective method in promoting more secure behaviors among end users

Mantle melting and intraplate volcanism due to self‐buoyant hydrous upwellings from the stagnant slab that are conveyed by small‐scale convection

The mechanisms sustaining basaltic continental intraplate volcanism remain controversial. Continental intraplate volcanism is often geographically associated with slab stagnation in the mantle transition zone (MTZ), for example, in eastern Asia, central Europe, and western North America. Using 2‐D geodynamic models, we here explore the role of the stagnation of a slab and an associated hydrous layer in the MTZ on the formation and evolution of intraplate volcanism. Due to the intrinsic buoyancy of the hydrous layer atop the stagnant slab, upwellings develop within a few million years and rise to ~410‐km depth. At these depths, they partly lose their intrinsic buoyancy due to dehydration and stall intermittently. However, they are readily entrained by sublithospheric small‐scale convection to reach the base of lithosphere, sustaining mantle melting and intraplate volcanism. Water contents of >0.3 wt.‐% in a ≥ 60‐km‐thick layer atop the slab are sufficient for an early (<~20 Myr) onset of melting to account for volcanism, for example, in NE China. Thus, significant amounts of hydrous materials are not expected to remain stable in the MTZ for geological timescales, consistent with geophysical estimates. To explain the geochemical signatures of the Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in northern China, a mixed composition of the hydrous layer, including an enriched mantle‐type and a hybrid depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalts mantle/high μ‐type component, is required

Birth weight and risk of ischemic heart disease: A Mendelian randomization study

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Stereo Computation for a Single Mixture Image

This paper proposes an original problem of \emph{stereo computation from a single mixture image}-- a challenging problem that had not been researched before. The goal is to separate (\ie, unmix) a single mixture image into two constitute image layers, such that the two layers form a left-right stereo image pair, from which a valid disparity map can be recovered. This is a severely illposed problem, from one input image one effectively aims to recover three (\ie, left image, right image and a disparity map). In this work we give a novel deep-learning based solution, by jointly solving the two subtasks of image layer separation as well as stereo matching. Training our deep net is a simple task, as it does not need to have disparity maps. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our method.Comment: Accepted by European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) 201

Hepatic fibrogenesis requires sympathetic neurotransmitters

Background and aims: Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are activated by liver injury to become proliferative fibrogenic myofibroblasts. This process may be regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Methods: We studied cultured HSC and intact mice with liver injury to test the hypothesis that HSC respond to and produce SNS neurotransmitters to promote fibrogenesis. Results: HSC expressed adrenoceptors, catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, released norepinephrine (NE), and were growth inhibited by α- and β-adrenoceptor antagonists. HSC from dopamine β-hydroxylase deficient (Dbh(−/−)) mice, which cannot make NE, grew poorly in culture and were rescued by NE. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that this effect was mediated via G protein coupled adrenoceptors, mitogen activated kinases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Injury related fibrogenic responses were inhibited in Dbh(−/−) mice, as evidenced by reduced hepatic accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin(+ve) HSC and decreased induction of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen. Treatment with isoprenaline rescued HSC activation. HSC were also reduced in leptin deficient ob/ob mice which have reduced NE levels and are resistant to hepatic fibrosis. Treating ob/ob mice with NE induced HSC proliferation, upregulated hepatic TGF-β1 and collagen, and increased liver fibrosis. Conclusions: HSC are hepatic neuroglia that produce and respond to SNS neurotransmitters to promote hepatic fibrosis