The Effect of Managing Distance Learning Educational Platforms on the Achievement of Secondary School Students in Chemistry in Jordan

The study aimed to identify the effect of Managing distance learning educational platforms on the achievement of secondary school students in chemistry in Jordan. To achieve the objective of the study, the descriptive approach was used by constructing a questionnaire, and its validity and reliability were verified. The study sample consisted of (2019) male and female students. The study identified the following results: There was a statistically significant effect for the impact of managing educational platforms on Secondary students taught through distance learning on the total score in academic achievement and that effect accounted for (64.8%) of the achievement. As for aspects, the results showed a statistically significant effect of the student-related and teacher-related aspects on academic achievement, and the lack of an effect of aspects related to the technical aspect. The results also showed the high effectiveness of educational platforms for students in the secondary stage during the distance learning with its various platforms in the kingdom ,and the "student" –related aspect ranked first, and in the second place came technical – related aspect, and in the third and last place came teacher - related aspects .The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of high school students during distance learning on the total degree and aspects according to the variables (educational platform, gender, grade) and the differences were in favor of females, the second secondary grade and Darsak platform .In light of the results, a number of recommendations were presented, the most important of which were: The necessity of encouraging secondary school students, especially the second secondary to follow the educational platforms to promote achievement, and to understand the educational materials ,And to lessen dependence on financially strained private lessons for students’ families and training teachers on the optimal use of distance learning which has become a requirement of the current era. Keywords: Educational platforms, distance learning, Chemistry. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-26-06 Publication date:September 30th 202

Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-Learning: Jordanian Universities Case Study

Innovation in learning is always the main interest of any educational institute to develop their learning models. E-learning is one of the most innovative models in education. This paper investigates and analysis the factors that influence the adoption of e-learning systems in Jordan as one of the third developing countries. The investigation has been done in the high universities, public and private. A new model has been presented in this research. The results of this research has been shown that the legislations issues, human factors, infrastructure, economics and web content had a significant impact on learning goals and objectives. Therefore it is difficult to have a complete e-learning system in Jordanian universities. The novel contribution of this research is achieved by using the results of investigations and analysis to assist in building of a theory that will be tested through quantitative methods in the future.   Keywords: E-learning; Jordanian Universities; Quality; integration

Product distributions and efficiencies for ethanol oxidation in proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells

Ethanol is an attractive fuel for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). In comparison with other organic fuels, ethanol has a high energy density. Therefore, direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are considered to be highly attractive power sources for electronic devices and vehicles. In addition, ethanol can be oxidized in an ethanol electrolysis cell (EEC) to produce hydrogen for use in fuel cells. Although ethanol has a high energy density and DEFCs have a high theoretical efficiency (98%), these are based on complete oxidation of ethanol to CO₂, while the main products from DEFCs and EECs are acetic acid and acetaldehyde. A good understanding of what happens during ethanol oxidation in fuel cell hardware is therefore a crucial step in the evolution of these technologies. It is particularly important in the development of new catalysts to improve cell efficiencies and performances by facilitating the complete oxidation of ethanol. The methods reported here provide information on the efficiency and product distribution for ethanol oxidation in a DEFC or EEC. They are based on polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell technology. In comparison with those reported in the literature, our methodologies are shown to have advantages over them by detecting the fuel itself and reaction products from both the anode and cathode exhausts. The amounts of ethanol consumed and acetic acid and acetaldehyde produced were determined by proton NMR spectroscopy while CO₂ was measured with a non-dispersive infrared CO₂ monitor. The efficiencies of these cells are dependent on the cell potential, crossover of ethanol, and stoichiometry of the ethanol oxidation reaction (i.e. the average number of electrons transferred per ethanol molecule). The stoichiometry of the EOR (ethanol oxidation reaction) was determined by using different methods in this work: an electrochemical method, analysis of the amount of ethanol consumed (ΔC) and from the product distribution (faradaic and chemical). It was found that the results from these methods were in a good agreement. In addition, the effects of fuel and product crossover were closely examined. It was shown that analysis of only the anode exhaust solution leads to an underestimation of ethanol and products due to crossover through the membrane to the cathode. To obtain accurate product distributions, the anode and cathode exhausts were combined. In addition, the chemical reaction between ethanol and oxygen that occurs in a DEFC was avoided by making measurement in an EEC with N₂ gas at the cathode. The stoichiometry, efficiency, and product distribution for ethanol electrolysis in fuel cell hardware has been determined at 80°C for various anodes prepared with commercial Pt/C, PtRu/C, and PtSn/C catalysts. Also, synergetic effects between these catalysts were studied by using mixed and bilayer electrodes. It was found that bilayer electrodes increased the overall efficiency of the cell by increasing the faradaic efficiency while maintaining high potential efficiency. An octahedral PtNi catalyst was prepared by using a literature method and tested in our system. In comparison to a Pt, this catalyst was shown to increase selectivity towards complete oxidation (to carbon dioxide) at low potentials and thereby increase efficiency. These results are contrary to those reported in the literature for this catalyst in a conventional electrochemical cell, and demonstrate the importance of the new methodologies in the evaluation and study of new catalysts for ethanol oxidation

Distance Learning during the Coronavirus Crisis in Jordanians Universities: Case Study in Jerash University

The aim of this study was to An Analytical View of the Factors Affecting in Distance Education during the Coronavirus Crisis: The Point of View of Faculty Members in Jerash University- Jordan. To achieve this objective, questionnaire was prepared for data collection. It was distributed to faculty members for the academic year 20/21. The results showed that in Distance Learning from the point of view of faculty members at Jerash University. The science of technologies possessed by a faculty member is one of the most important factors affecting distance learning. The results showed that there are no statistically significant Differences that need to be referred to regarding some variables (gender variable, years of experience and academic rank), however, there are statistically significant differences amongst different college type. The study recommended was conducted in the training courses on an ongoing basis for faculty members and students. University education in educational education, and the quality of the graduate studen

Thermodynamic analysis on the thermal treatment of spent alkaline batteries-PVC blends under inert conditions

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Spent Alkaline Batteries (SAB) are produced and accumulated in large quantities. The absence of a sustainable recycling route for these wastes amidst a circular economy era makes it important to find a potential coupling route of their waste streams into useful products. Herein, the behaviour of zinc, manganese, and iron were tracked through a thermodynamics calculation of the thermal treatment of PVC mixed with SAB followed with a thermodynamic assessment of the leaching of the pyrolysis residues. thermodynamics calculations suggest that zinc and manganese can be extracted with a percentage of up to 100% if PVC is thermally treated with water washed SAB under pyrolytic conditions at a temperature of 300 °C. The residues from the thermal treatment (rich in zinc and manganese chlorides) should be then water leached (pH = 5 – 6) to recover Zn2+ and Mn2+. Water washing of the SAB should help in suppressing the extraction of both sodium and potassium as they can be omitted from the reaction system when SAB is washed with water. However, the major drawback under the conditions above is that iron will still be extracted with zinc and manganese which can potentially cause complications in the separation at a further stage. Nonetheless, this work lays the foundation for further studies (theoretical and experimental) related to the extraction of zinc and manganese from SAB by means of thermally treating it with waste PVC

Content Analysis of Science Books for Upper Primary Stage in Jordan and Intermediate Stage in Saudi Arabia from an Islamic Perspective: Analytical Comparative Study

This study aims to identify the current situation of science books in Jordan and Saudi Arabia from an Islamic perspective. For this end, the content analysis approach has been used through the analysis of the unit concept in the science books for the seventh, eighth and ninth grades in the academic year (2015/2016) in Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The Researchers set an instrument to investigate the dimensions of the Islamic Perspective in the targeted books. The tool consisted of (28) signs, that cover five main dimensions. The content analysis indicated that the dimension of the field “presenting Islamic evidence and Norms” came in the first place among Jordanian and Saudi books since it had 39 frequencies in the Jordanian books with the percentage of 65%, compared to 52 frequencies in the Saudi Science Books, with a percentage of 49.06%. By contrast, the other dimensions (fields) showed a low citation percentage in the Jordanian and Saudi books alike. In the last place for the Jordanian books came the dimension “Man’s relationship with the universe” with three frequencies (5%). On the other hand, in the last place of the targeted Saudi books came the dimensions “observing the scientific method in thinking” and “developing the Islamic attitudes and values” with 5 frequencies for each (4.72%).The results also showed a significant difference at (α≤0.05) between the dimensions of the Islamic perspective included in the content of science books. This difference can be attributed to the ‘grade’ variable in favor of the upper grades compared to the lower ones in the Jordanian books, and in favor of the second intermediate class in comparison with the first and third intermediate classes in Saudi books.On the other hand, the results revealed the inclusion of the Islamic perspective dimensions on the whole scale in favor of the Saudi books compared to the Jordanian ones: there were 106 frequencies in the Saudi books compared to only 60 frequencies in the Jordanian books. In light of the abovementioned results, the researchers recommend the development of the content of science books in Jordan and Saudi Arabia so that they can contribute to Islamic rooting in the scientific knowledge. The researchers also recommends that these books observe integration and follow-up in the inclusion of the Islamic perspective dimensions in science books. Keywords: The content of science books, Islamic rooting of knowledge

Chlorine Fixing Ability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust During the Thermal Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride under Oxidative Conditions

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are two hazardous wastes that are accumulated world-wide at an alarming rate. Utilising these two wastes simultaneously towards a sustainable recycling loop can greatly mitigate their environmental impact. Herein, EAFD was studied as a potential emission fixator of evolved gaseous HCl generated from the thermal decomposition of PVC under different operational conditions: EAFD-PVC mass ratio, solid reactants geometry, O2 partial pressure, holding temperature, holding time and heating rate. The highest chlorine fixation percentage was calculated to be 78.9% and was obtained at an EAFD-PVC mass ratio of 1:1 (thin disks geometry), while the rest escaped in the form of HCl/Cl2. No significant variation was observed on the percentage of fixed chlorine when the thermal treatment was performed using different geometries: long cylinder, thin disks, and powder forms with a maximum difference in fixation of only 5.6% between extremities. Increasing O2 partial pressure positively affected the chlorine fixation percentage increasing it from 39.9 to 48.4% at 0 and 21 kPa partial pressures, respectively. Increasing both the holding temperature and holding time under oxidative conditions negatively affected the percentage of fixed chlorine due to oxidation of formed FeCl2 back to Fe2O3. The heating rate did not show any significant effect on the amount of fixed HCl, suggesting that the speed of chlorination reactions can be identical to or faster than the decomposition rate of PVC. Overall, EAFD is believed to be an excellent candidate for capturing HCl contained in PVC upon thermal degradation

An Assessment for Jordan's E-Government Initiative Projects: A Conceptual Framework

In recent years there has been an increasing focus in many countries on the concept of electronic government. Many countries see it as a central component of efforts to “modernize” or “reinvent” government. In Jordan, there has been discussion around using an E-Government initiative to move government from what is best described as a manual model to a networked model. The aim of this study is to describe the government of Jordan Initiative toward E-Government and to explain the blue print and roadmaps provided to the government of Jordan. Recent studies indicate that E-Government initiatives have not held their promise of improving government services. This study investigate all the necessary information technology requirements that are vital to build an E-Government in Jordan and assess the status of E-Government initiative achievements in Jordan from many aspects; E-Connectivity and Infrastructure, E-Human Resources, E-payment, E-leadership and Information Technology Industry to determine the problem and challenges that faces this project. A comprehensive questionnaire is designed to help us to put our hands on the existing problems and take it directly from people who directly interact with E-Government. Those people are public, government, and business. Many recommendations resulted as a consequence of this thesis; the expected resulting recommendations eventually will serve various sectors (public, government, and business). Regardless of great challenges, Jordan is certain to move up the ladder towards reaching the developed countries of the digital world. Keywords: e-government ,conceptual framework ,e-government initiatives , Jordan e-governmen

Pt and PtRu catalyst bilayers increase efficiencies for ethanol oxidation in proton exchange membrane electrolysis and fuel cells

Polarization curves, product distributions, and reaction stoichiometries have been measured for the oxidation of ethanol at anodes consisting of Pt and PtRu bilayers and a homogeneous mixture of the two catalysts. These anode structures all show synergies between the two catalysts that can be attributed to the oxidation of acetaldehyde produced at the PtRu catalyst by the Pt catalyst. The use of a PtRu layer over a Pt layer produces the strongest effect, with higher currents than a Pt on PtRu bilayer, mixed layer, or either catalyst alone, except for Pt at high potentials. Reaction stoichiometries (average number of electrons transferred per ethanol molecule) were closer to the values for Pt alone for both of the bilayer configurations but much lower for PtRu and mixed anodes. Although Pt alone would provide the highest overall fuel cell efficiency at low power densities, the PtRu on Pt bilayer would provide higher power densities without a significant loss of efficiency. The origin of the synergy between the Pt and PtRu catalysts was elucidated by separation of the total current into the individual components for generation of carbon dioxide and the acetaldehyde and acetic acid byproducts

A thermo-kinetic investigation on the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of magnetite and hematite

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) which is accumulated in large amounts world-wide contains hematite (Fe2O3) and significant quantities of magnetite (Fe3O4). Waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) also poses a great environmental threat aside to accumulated EAFD. Both of these wastes have shown a great potential for their co-thermal treatment for metal extraction, thus minimising their environmental footprint. Herein, an investigation on the thermal degradation behaviour, reaction products, thermodynamics and the decomposition kinetics of PVC and its stoichiometric mixtures with Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 was conducted using non-isothermal thermogravimetric scans. The kinetic data suggests a significant increase in the average activation energy of PVC de-hydrochlorination from 122.6 ± 24.2 kJ/mol (pure PVC) to 177.0 ± 28.0 and 199.0 ± 77.0 kJ/mol when stoichiometric quantities of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 were mixed with PVC. The inhibiting effect of both Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 on the degradation of PVC might be assigned to the capturing of emitted gaseous HCl which is known for its catalytic effect. This result suggests that EAFDs containing both Fe3O4 (in large amounts) and Fe2O3 can have an inhibiting effect on the de-hydrochlorination of PVC resulting in longer processing times or the requirement of higher processing temperatures for achieving reasonable reaction rates