FRACAS: A FRench Annotated Corpus of Attribution relations in newS

Quotation extraction is a widely useful task both from a sociological and from a Natural Language Processing perspective. However, very little data is available to study this task in languages other than English. In this paper, we present a manually annotated corpus of 1676 newswire texts in French for quotation extraction and source attribution. We first describe the composition of our corpus and the choices that were made in selecting the data. We then detail the annotation guidelines and annotation process, as well as a few statistics about the final corpus and the obtained balance between quote types (direct, indirect and mixed, which are particularly challenging). We end by detailing our inter-annotator agreement between the 8 annotators who worked on manual labelling, which is substantially high for such a difficult linguistic phenomenon

Compliance thoracique et abdominale de l'enfant par observation de traitements physiothérapiques

Colloque Sécurité dans le transport, LAMEFIP ENSAM CER, BORDEAUX, FRANCE, 11-/10/2006 - 13/10/2006Chaque jour 2 enfants sont tués sur les routes européennes et 200 sont blessés, ce qui représente un coût socio-économique élevé pour la Communauté Européenne. Les principaux segments corporels blessés sont la tête (30%), le thorax (30%) et l'abdomen (10%). Le fait d’observer une si faible réduction de la mortalité en dépit de l’utilisation de DRE (Dispositif de Retenue enfant – approuvé par la CEE) souligne l'importance d’une recherche continue dans le cadre de la sécurité de l’enfant. Bien que beaucoup d'initiatives aient été prises comme par exemple dans les projets en Europe, CREST(Child REstraint SysTem for cars, de janvier 1996 à décembre 2000) et CHILD (Advanced methods for improved Child safety, de septembre 2002 à septembre 2006), les marges de progression peuvent être considérées comme importantes. Le principal facteur contribuant à cette situation est le manque de connaissances biomécaniques spécifiques de l’enfant et les paramètres physiques associés. De part ce manque de connaissances, la bio-fidélité et la pertinence des réponses mécaniques de mannequins pour l’analyse d’accidents d’enfant, peuvent être améliorées comme dans les secteurs tels que la compliance thoracique et abdominale d'un enfant. La compliance thoracique et abdominale représente la capacité de déformation sous l'effet d’un chargement mécanique. Nous proposons de présenter dans ce papier le protocole et la faisabilité de mesurer cette raideur en observant des manipulations thoraciques et abdominales effectuées dans le cadre de traitements physiothérapiques. Le déplacement de la partie supérieure de la main et la charge appliquée par le praticien sont enregistrés. Une analyse tridimensionnelle est exécutée pour reconstruire les déplacements. L’analyse de plus d’observations en fonction de plusieurs variables comme par exemple l'âge, le sexe et l'anthropométrie sera réalisée ultérieurement. Par conséquent c'est seulement par une augmentation décisive des connaissances scientifiques que des avancées importantes pourront être réalisées vers des normes améliorées et une conception plus efficace des dispositifs de retenue enfant La pertinence de la recherche spécifique liée à l’enfant a été soulignée par le Groupe de Recherche du CNRS en « biomécanique des chocs » (GDR CNRS 2610) et à fait l’objet d’une demande de soutien au près de l’ANR au printemps 2006

Different epidemiology of bloodstream infections in COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 critically ill patients: A descriptive analysis of the Eurobact II study

Background: The study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSIs) between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. Methods: We used data from the Eurobact II study, a prospective observational multicontinental cohort study on HABSI treated in ICU. For the current analysis, we selected centers that included both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 critically ill patients. We performed descriptive statistics between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in terms of patients’ characteristics, source of infection and microorganism distribution. We studied the association between COVID-19 status and mortality using multivariable fragility Cox models. Results: A total of 53 centers from 19 countries over the 5 continents were eligible. Overall, 829 patients (median age 65 years [IQR 55; 74]; male, n = 538 [64.9%]) were treated for a HABSI. Included patients comprised 252 (30.4%) COVID-19 and 577 (69.6%) non-COVID-19 patients. The time interval between hospital admission and HABSI was similar between both groups. Respiratory sources (40.1 vs. 26.0%, p < 0.0001) and primary HABSI (25.4% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.006) were more frequent in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients had more often enterococcal (20.5% vs. 9%) and Acinetobacter spp. (18.8% vs. 13.6%) HABSIs. Bacteremic COVID-19 patients had an increased mortality hazard ratio (HR) versus non-COVID-19 patients (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.49–2.45). Conclusions: We showed that the epidemiology of HABSI differed between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Enterococcal HABSI predominated in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients with HABSI had elevated risk of mortality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.org number NCT03937245. Registered 3 May 2019

Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial

Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common type of chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis. Obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, has been shown to improve the histological features of NASH. Here we report results from a planned interim analysis of an ongoing, phase 3 study of obeticholic acid for NASH. Methods In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, adult patients with definite NASH,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score of at least 4, and fibrosis stages F2–F3, or F1 with at least oneaccompanying comorbidity, were randomly assigned using an interactive web response system in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive oral placebo, obeticholic acid 10 mg, or obeticholic acid 25 mg daily. Patients were excluded if cirrhosis, other chronic liver disease, elevated alcohol consumption, or confounding conditions were present. The primary endpointsfor the month-18 interim analysis were fibrosis improvement (≥1 stage) with no worsening of NASH, or NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis, with the study considered successful if either primary endpoint was met. Primary analyses were done by intention to treat, in patients with fibrosis stage F2–F3 who received at least one dose of treatment and reached, or would have reached, the month 18 visit by the prespecified interim analysis cutoff date. The study also evaluated other histological and biochemical markers of NASH and fibrosis, and safety. This study is ongoing, and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02548351, and EudraCT, 20150-025601-6. Findings Between Dec 9, 2015, and Oct 26, 2018, 1968 patients with stage F1–F3 fibrosis were enrolled and received at least one dose of study treatment; 931 patients with stage F2–F3 fibrosis were included in the primary analysis (311 in the placebo group, 312 in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group, and 308 in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group). The fibrosis improvement endpoint was achieved by 37 (12%) patients in the placebo group, 55 (18%) in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group (p=0·045), and 71 (23%) in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group (p=0·0002). The NASH resolution endpoint was not met (25 [8%] patients in the placebo group, 35 [11%] in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group [p=0·18], and 36 [12%] in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group [p=0·13]). In the safety population (1968 patients with fibrosis stages F1–F3), the most common adverse event was pruritus (123 [19%] in the placebo group, 183 [28%] in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group, and 336 [51%] in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group); incidence was generally mild to moderate in severity. The overall safety profile was similar to that in previous studies, and incidence of serious adverse events was similar across treatment groups (75 [11%] patients in the placebo group, 72 [11%] in the obeticholic acid 10 mg group, and 93 [14%] in the obeticholic acid 25 mg group). Interpretation Obeticholic acid 25 mg significantly improved fibrosis and key components of NASH disease activity among patients with NASH. The results from this planned interim analysis show clinically significant histological improvement that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. This study is ongoing to assess clinical outcomes

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Child abdominal injuries in car restraint systems - An intra-abdominal pressure sensor for the Q-dummy family and proposed viscous injury criterion based on detailed accident analysis and their reconstructions

The 5th World Congress of Biomechanics, MUNICH, ALLEMAGNE, 29-/07/2006 - 04/08/200

Mathematical simulation of the pedestrian leg in lateral impact

IRCOBI conference on the biomechanics of impacts, Verone, ITALIE, 09-/09/1992 - 11/09/1992A mathematical dynamic model of the pedestrian leg in lateral impact was developed with the two dimensional MADYMO (TNO) computer programs. This model will be used to test car fronts in order to estimate the severity of knee joint lesions and to predict the risk of leg injuries in car/pedestrian accidents.Results of this model were compared with those obtained with an instrumented mechanical leg used in the bumper impact test. This mechanical leg was developed by INRETS for a joint program involving several European research institutes, sponsored by the European Communities to evaluate the protection offered by a car in pedestrian collision. Mots clés libres : simulation, modèle mathématique, impact, choc, latéral, représentation graphique, bidimensionnel, biomécanique, déformation, estimation, articulation, homme, genou, piéton, jambe, traitement de l&apos;information, véhicule, gravité (accid), blessure, modélisation

FRACAS: FRench Annotated Corpus of Attribution relations in newS

A human-annotated corpus for French quotation extraction containing 1676 newswire texts with 10 965 annotated attribution relations (quotes attributed to its speaker). Data: 1676 newswire texts in French from Reuters annotated with 10 965 attribution relations Date: April 1995 to April 1996 Data structure: { "text": text of the newswire, "entities": a list of each entity in the following format ["id": unique_id, "text": text of entity, "label": entity label, "gender": gender (if labelled), "char_span": a list of character index span] "relations": a list of each relation in the following format [id of relation, label of relation, id of first entity, id of second entity } Labels: Entities: Quotation (Direct, Indirect or Mixed) Speaker (Agent, Organization, Group of People, Source Pronoun) Cue Attributes: Speaker Gender (Male, Female, Mixed, Unknown, Other) Relations: Speaker Quoted in Quotation Cue Indicates Quotation Source Pronoun Refers to Speake

Assessment of chest injury risk for children in car accidents

XXVII ème congrès de la société de biomécanique, VALENCIENNES, FRANCE, 12-/09/2002 - 13/09/2002The protection of children involved in an accident is a difficult issue for various reasons, especially because of the lack of knowledge concerning the biomechanical behaviour and the tolerance to impact of this population. Impact biomechanics research on children is even more difficult than on adults because almost no experimental work can be done in this field

Preliminary results of the thoracic and abdominal compliance in children on different ventilatory programs

34e Congrès de la Société de Biomécanique, TOULON, FRANCE, 31-/08/2009 - 02/09/2009The aim of our study is to obtain realistic values of child thoracic and abdominal compliance. The thoracic and abdominal compliance represents the capacity of deformation under spontaneous or mechanical ventilation. The Pediatric Medical Center (CMP) in la MaisonneŽe receives children with neuromuscular pathologies ventilated with invasive or non-invasive methods. The respiratory function of these children naturally deteriorates over time, and breathing development programs, that may or may not be associated with thoracic pressure, are put in place to minimise this mostly restrictive aggravation. Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) is a technique used to provide short-term or intermittent mechanical ventilation for the purpose of augmenting lung expansion, delivering aerosol medication, or assisting ventilation. The 'traditional' use of IPPB lacks precise evaluation, especially of thoracic mobility. Poster : hal-0173872