Braid pictures for Artin groups

We define the braid groups of a two-dimensional orbifold and introduce conventions for drawing braid pictures. We use these to realize the Artin groups associated to the spherical Coxeter diagrams A_n, B_n=C_n and D_n and the affine diagrams tilde{A}_n, tilde{B}_n, tilde{C}_n and tilde{D}_n as subgroups of the braid groups of various simple orbifolds. The cases D_n, tilde{B}_n, tilde{C}_n and tilde{D}_n are new. In each case the Artin group is a normal subgroup with abelian quotient; in all cases except tilde{A}_n the quotient is finite. We illustrate the value of our braid calculus by performing with pictures a nontrivial calculation in the Artin groups of type D_n.Comment: 23 pages; 27 figures; submitte

Completions, branched covers, Artin groups and singularity theory

We study the curvature of metric spaces and branched covers of Riemannian manifolds, with applications in topology and algebraic geometry. Here curvature bounds are expressed in terms of the CAT(k) inequality. We prove a general CAT(k) extension theorem, giving sufficient conditions on and near the boundary of a locally CAT(k) metric space for the completion to be CAT(k). We use this to prove that a branched cover of a complete Riemannian manifold is locally CAT(k) if and only if all tangent spaces are CAT(0) and the base has sectional curvature bounded above by k. We also show that the branched cover is a geodesic space. Using our curvature bound and a local asphericity assumption we give a sufficient condition for the branched cover to be globally CAT(k) and the complement of the branch locus to be contractible. We conjecture that the universal branched cover of complex Euclidean n-space over the mirrors of a finite Coxeter group is CAT(0). Conditionally on this conjecture, we use our machinery to prove the Arnol'd-Pham-Thom conjecture on K(pi,1) spaces for Artin groups. Also conditionally, we prove the asphericity of moduli spaces of amply lattice-polarized K3 surfaces and of the discriminant complements of all the unimodal hypersurface singularities in Arnol'd's hierarchy