Study On The Introgression Of Beef Breeds In Canchim Cattle Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of introgression of breeds in the Canchim (CA: 62.5% Charolais-37.5% Zebu) and MA genetic group (MA: 65.6% Charolais-34.4% Zebu) cattle using genomic information on Charolais (CH), Nelore (NE), and Indubrasil (IB) breeds. The number of animals used was 395 (CA and MA), 763 (NE), 338 (CH), and 37 (IB). The Bovine 50SNP BeadChip from Illumina panel was used to estimate the levels of introgression of breeds considering the Maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and Single Regression method. After genotype quality control, 32,308 SNPs were considered in the analysis. Furthermore, three thresholds to prune out SNPs in linkage disequilibrium higher than 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 were considered, resulting in 15,286, 7,652, and 1,582 SNPs, respectively. For k = 2, the proportion of taurine and indicine varied from the expected proportion based on pedigree for all methods studied. For k = 3, the Regression method was able to differentiate the animals in three main clusters assigned to each purebred breed, showing more reasonable according to its biological viewpoint. Analyzing the data considering k = 2 seems to be more appropriate for Canchim-MA animals due to its biological interpretation. The usage of 32,308 SNPs in the analyses resulted in similar findings between the estimated and expected breed proportions. Using the Regression approach, a contribution of Indubrasil was observed in Canchim-MA when k = 3 was considered. Genetic parameter estimation could account for this breed composition information as a source of variation in order to improve the accuracy of genetic models. Our findings may help assemble appropriate reference populations for genomic prediction for Canchim-MA in order to improve prediction accuracy. Using the information on the level of introgression in each individual could also be useful in breeding or crossing design to improve individual heterosis in crossbred cattle. © 2017 Buzanskas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.12202663/09-0, CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior449564/2014-2, CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Composição fenólica e atividade antioxidante de resíduos agroindustriais

Atualmente, são produzidas milhões de toneladas de resíduos provenientes do processamento agroindustrial. Muitos deles são ricos em compostos bioativos sendo potenciais fontes naturais dessas substâncias. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o teor de compostos fenólicos totais, a atividade antioxidante e a composição fenólica de três resíduos gerados por agroindústrias brasileiras: bagaço de uva Isabel (BI) (Vitis labrusca), bagaço de uva Verdejo (BV) (Vitis vinifera) e bagaço de goiaba (BG) (Psidium guajava). Os resultados do teor de compostos fenólicos totais (mg GAE g-1) encontrados nos extratos etanólicos e aquosos dos resíduos foram, respectivamente: BV (20,94±0,46; 8,03±0,43)> BI (16,57±0,19; 4,41±0,01)> BG (3,41±0,09; 1,88±0,06). Alta atividade antioxidante, principalmente em BV e BI, foi verificada nos ensaios realizados (ABTS , DPPH e autooxidação do sistema beta-caroteno/ácido linoléico). Uma forte correlação positiva entre atividade antioxidante e o teor de compostos fenólicos totais foi encontrada. Os compostos fenólicos encontrados, por cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), foram: ácido gálico, epicatequina, quercetina (BV, BI e BG); ácido isovanílico (BI, BG); ácido p-cumárico (BI); ácido caféico e resveratrol (BV, BI). Esses resultados mostram que os resíduos agroindustriais analisados, particularmente os vinícolas, são ricos em substâncias bioativas e podem ser explorados pela indústria de alimentos e farmacêutica

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost