Modeling the Temperature Effect of Orientations in Residential Buildings

Indoor thermal comfort in a building has been an important issue for the environmental sustainability. It is an accepted fact that their designs and planning consume a lot of energy in the modern architecture of 20th and 21st centuries. An appropriate orientation of a building can provide thermally comfortable indoor temperatures which otherwise can consume extra energy to condition these spaces through all the seasons. This experimental study investigates the potential effect of this solar passive design strategy on indoor temperatures and a simple model is presented for predicting indoor temperatures based upon the ambient temperatures

Comparison of Buildings\' Thermal Loads against Building Orientations for Sustainable Housing in Pakistan

As the sustainable settlements have been included as a vital end product of all planning exercises, the architectural layouts should be well integrated with the sun path charts and the orientations of windows. Appropriate orientations can offer thermally indoor conditions besides physical and psychological comfort in any settlement at lesser energy demand. This investigation uses a vast number of computer simulations to visualize and make better decisions about heating and cooling requirements of a building and facades as a function of window orientation in composite climatic condition of Lahore. This study in particular evaluates the solar load in residential buildings responsive to the objective of sustainable new housing leading to thoughtful integration of architecture. The orientation of the buildings could then be essentially integrated to the current architectural and urban design practices in order to optimize the relationship between the given site ant the orientations for sustainable developments

Innovative location based scheme for Internet Security Protocol : a proposed location based scheme N-Kerberos Security Protocol using intelligent logic of believes, particularly by modified BAN logic

The importance of the data authentication has resulted in the science of the data protection. Interest in this knowledge has been growing due to the increase in privacy of the user's identity, especially after the widespread use of online transactions. Many security techniques are available to maintain the privacy of the user's identity. These include password, smart card or token and face recognition or finger print. But unfortunately, the possibility to duplicate the identity of a user is still possible. Recently, specialists used the user's physical location as a new factor in order to increase the strength of the verification of the user's identity. This thesis focused on the authentication-based user's location. It is based on the idea of using the Global Position System in order to verify the user identity. Improving Kerberos protocol using GPS signal is proposed in order to eliminate the effect of replay attack. This proposal does not expect a high performance from the user during the implementation of the security system. Moreover, to give users more confidence to use security protocol, it has to be evaluated before accepting it. Thus, a measurement tool used to validate protocols called BAN logic was described. In this thesis, a new form of BAN logic which aims to raise the efficiency checking process of the protocol protection strength using the GPS signal is proposed. The proposed form of Kerberos protocol has been analysed using the new form of BAN logic. The new scheme has been tested and compared with the existing techniques to demonstrate its merits and capabilities.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Copper phthalocyanine and metal free phthalocyanine bulk heterojunction photodetector

In this study we present the dependence of electrical properties of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and metal free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) bulk heterojunction structure under different illumination levels. To fabricate the device on ITO coated glass substrate the bulk heterojunction thin film of CuPc and H2Pc with thickness varying from 100nm to 300nm are deposited by thermal evaporator. Aluminum thin film was deposited by thermal evaporation as a top contact. The optical properties of the fabricated device are investigated using UV–vis spectroscopy. The current-voltage characteristics in dark and under illumination show that the device is sensitive towards visible light. The absorption spectrum describes its photo sensitivity in the range of wavelength from 200nm to 850nm. Simulation of current-intensity of light curve is carried out and experimental results are found in good agreement with simulated ones