A Highly Selective 8th Order Band-Pass Filter for Lightning Remote Sensing Applications

Recently, it has been discovered there was an emission of microwave radiation in advance of the lightning process. Therefore, a lot of researches focus on designing alarm systems that can detect and analyze these radiated signals. The previous designs based on commercial band-pass filters which have low accuracy factor and quite expensive as well as the detected signal were tiny in amplitude, thus higher efficiency filters are needed with a flat frequency response for passed band frequencies between 950 MHz to 1050 MHz in order to avoid the GSM band which generates a high interference to the mentioned detection system. In this research, a band-pass filter has been designed and tested for measurement with a center frequency of 1 GHz and by using Advance Design System (ADS) to be simulated and then fabricated on FR-4 substrate. The measurement came with good compatibility to the simulation results at return loss of -34.747 dB and also the insertion loss of -3.83 dB. This design also works perfectly for the Lightning detection sensor of Narrow Bipolar Event (NBE)

Correlation between Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated with Lipocaline and Beta-2 Microglobulin with Other Renal Markers in Iraqi Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma, often known as myeloma, is a kind of bone marrow cancer. The bone marrow is a spongy tissue in the middle of some bones that creates the body's blood cells. The current study is designed to find the correlation between Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and ß2-Microglobulin with other renal markers among patients with multiple myeloma and healthy people. One hundred twenty patients with multiple myeloma and sixty healthy control were attending the National Center for Teaching Laboratories (NCFTL), Baghdad Hospital Advisory (BHA), and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. For the period from November 2021 to March 2022. Information taken from patients involved age, genus, drugs used, and other medical details. Multiple myeloma disease was diagnosed using symptoms, biochemical testing, x-ray, and clinical examination by specialists. Then serum urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, and albumin are done by Autoanalyzer. Furthermore, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and ß2-Microglobulin were done by ELISA technique. The present study found that the male patients in the age range (60-69) and (50-59) years had a higher percentage (30%, 20% and 36%,16.7%) than female patients in both studied groups. The multiple myeloma disease patients with urea and creatinine above normal had a highly significant increase (p= 0.000) in the mean ± SD of urea, creatinine, total protein, globulin, Beta 2 microglobulin, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (57.83±30.92 mg/dl, 2.09±1.38 mg/dl, 77.95±13.08 g/l, 42.52±11.16 g/l, 39.14±16.20, 452.50±188.83) respectively. In addition, patients with urea and creatinine normal had a highly significant increase (p= 0.000) in the mean ± SD of creatinine, total protein, Globulin, Beta 2 microglobulin, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (0.80±0.20 mg/dl, 73.07±11.75 g/l, 40.34±10.67 g/l, 43.28±18.78, 432.77±198.45) respectively compared with the healthy controls

On the Organochlorine pesticide residues in the Marshes, Shatt Al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf system

Organochlorine pesticides are a class of toxic compounds characterized by their relative chemical and biological stability. They are ubiquitous in the environments and are soluble in liquids. Consequently Organochlorine pesticides have been placed on “the top of black list” of potential environmental hazards. Studies on Organochlorine residues have been carried out between 1979-1991. The residues were determined in water, sediments and organisms collected from the Marshes, Shatt Al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf system. Most of the data confirmed the present of ∑DDT, Endrin, Dieldrin, Chlordane and Heptachlor. Their concentrations ranged from nd-336, nd-111, 12-195, nd-57 and nd-79 ng/l in dissolved, from 0.1-2560, nd-217, nd-0.97 , nd-171 and nd-679 µg/kg in particulate and from 0.04-220, nd-47, nd-22, nd from nd-24 µg/kg in sediments from 1-189, nd-154, nd-32, nd-58 and nd-6 ppb in fish, from 0.59-784, 166-540, 2-72, 5-3.1 and nd ppb in mussel and from 0.3-6.3, nd-0.4, nd-0.8, nd and nd-0.3 ppb in shrimp respectively. In the last decade only two studies on Organochlorine residues have been done. One of them in the Mesopotamian wetlands of southern Iraq in which residues of p,p´-DDT have been detected in 100% of the examined samples. This indicates its ability to persist under severe drying of previously exposed surface sediments, long period of more than 10 years of previously exposed surface sediments, high temperature, and intensive solar radiation, and the other by using samples of water, sediment, fish and shrimp from Hor Al-Hammar Marshes of Iraq, high concentration of chlordane in both water and sediments were shown. Therefore further work is needed to establish the baseline levels of Organochlorine residue in the Marshes, Shatt Al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf region.&#x0D;  </jats:p