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Not AvailableCollar rot caused by the Aspergillus niger and stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii are major threats to groundnut production worldwide. To identify genotypes with desired levels of resistance, screening of a large number of germplasm under artificial epiphytotic conditions (sick plots) is essential. The inoculums of virulent isolates were mass multiplied and mixed with FYM and applied separately to each of the micro plots of sick plot at Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, India. The growth and multiplication of A. niger and S. rolfsii in the soil was monitored periodically at monthly intervals during kharif 2011. The study revealed that the soil population of A. niger had steadily increased from 1.8 to 23.4 X 103 cfu during June to October in spite of the heavy rainfall (1613 mm in 66 rainy days). While it was converse in case of Sclerotium rolfsii where the soil population decreased drastically (24.4 x 103 cfu) from the initial level (30.2 x 103 cfu) and subsequently got increased in the months of September (21.6 x 103 cfu) and October (24.4 x 103 cfu) when the rainfall decreased (312 mm in 14 rainy days and 55 mm in 2 rainy days in September and October month respectively). Thus the study clearly indicated that the population built up of A. niger was unaffected due to heavy rainfall and once the rain ceases and optimal conditions restored, there will be a sudden spurt in the incidence of the collar rot disease. While in case of stem rot, the incidence of the disease will be low following a heavy rainfall. Thus, chemical control is possible for stem rot while genetic resistance is the suitable option in case of collar rot.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCluster analysis using Mahalnobis D2 was performed using 97 groundnut diverse genotypes for 14 yield contributing and water use efficiency related traits. The genotypes were grouped into twelve clusters based on D2 statistic. Cluster II was the largest with 54 genotypes followed by cluster I with 33 genotypes and remaining ten clusters had one genotype each. The inter cluster D2 values revealed maximum divergence between cluster VI and cluster III (1736), followed by cluster XII and cluster III (1622); cluster VI and cluster X11 (1389); cluster IX and cluster XI (1171) and cluster XI and cluster II (1041). It was observed that plant height was the largest contributor (65%) towards genetic divergence followed by days to maturity (10%) and secondary branches per plant (10%), SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR; 4.3%) kernel length and hundred pod weight (1.2%) and Specific Leaf Area (SLA; 0.06%) contributed the least for divergence. Estimates of GCV and PCV were high for plant height, primary and secondary branches and pod yield per plant indicating higher genetic variation present in the genotypes studied. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for days to fifty per cent flowering, secondary branches per plant, hundred pod and kernel weight, kernel length and, SCMR. SLA exhibited moderate estimates of heritability and genetic advance as per cent of meanNot Availabl

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Not AvailableGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is important oilseed legume crop of arid and semiarid tropics. The experiment was conducted at the experimental plots of ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research (ICAR-DGR), Junagadh during summer season 2017. A total of 97 germplasm collections consist of 33 NRCG collections, 54 released varieties and 10 advanced breeding lines developed from Plant Breeding section, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Rese arch, Junagadh.The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the all the genotypes for all the traits except days to 50 per cent flowering and primary branches per plant indicating the existence of significant variability for for yield and water use efficiency related traits. High heritability coupled with moderate high genetic advance as per cent of mean for yield and its component traits indicates the involvement of additive gene action governing the traits and scope for selection. SLA associated negatively with SCMR and days to flowering associated significant negatively with pod yield per plant.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableForty eight germplasm collections were evaluated for pod yield and its attributes during summer 2018 and 2019. High heritability coupled with high GAM were observed for pod yield per plant, HPW, HKW and kernel length indicating that selection for these characters could be more effective due to additive gene action. Pod yield per plant correlated significantly and positively with SP, SMK, and kernel length to width ratio. Both DFI and DFF correlated significantly and negatively with pod yield per plant. SLA had low heritability and GAM. Genotypes NRCG 14507, NRCG CS 254, NRCG CS 313 and Girnar 1 showed early flowering initiation (35 DAS). The surrogate trait of water use efficiency (SLA) was lowest (15070%). Genotypes NRCG 10620 and TG 39 exhibited higher yields over two summer seasons.Not Availabl

Source and sink traits and their relationship under deficit soil moisture stress conditions in an indeterminate crop: sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

ABSTRACTSesame is an indeterminate oilseeds crop where yield is a cumulative effect of source and its capacity for synthesis and mobilization of photosynthates. Knowledge of the existing relation between source and sink and its validation under deficit soil moisture conditions is limited in sesame. Therefore, experiments were conducted using twenty five sesame genotypes of differing for their plant architecture in terms of branching pattern (mono to multiple) and leaf area (minimum to maximum) under both irrigated (IR) and deficit moisture stress (DS) conditions for two consecutive years 2021 and 2022. The variations existing among the source and sink traits were measured and analysis of variance of the measured traits revealed a significant differences among the genotypes for source traits viz. leaf area, stem & leaf dry weight, net photosynthesis, total dry matter and their relationship with sink i.e. seed yield under IR and DS conditions and it was conformed using regression analysis. The results showed that source traits such as stem dry weight and total dry matter at the seed filling stage were positively associated with seed yield at both IR and DS conditions. Additionally, cluster analysis showed that the genotypes IC 54039-B-1 and SI 1802 had proportional leaf area with good seed yield and displayed a better source and sink relationship, highlighting the fact that photosynthates were efficiently translocated to the sink. The genotypes IC 54039-B-1 and SI 1802 outperformed IR under DS with minimal yield differences and optimal leaf weight, total dry matter, and plant stem weight. These genotypes with better source and sink relationships can be used in sesame crop improvement programmes

मूँगफली उत्पादन की उन्नत कृषि तकनीकी-गुजराती

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