3,511 research outputs found
Developing an IS-impact decision tool: A literature based design science roadmap
This paper derives from research-in-progress intending both Design Research (DR) and Design Science (DS) outputs; the former a management decision tool based in IS-Impact (Gable et al. 2008) kernel theory; the latter being methodological learnings deriving from synthesis of the literature and reflection on the DR ‘case study’ experience. The paper introduces a generic, detailed and pragmatic DS ‘Research Roadmap’ or methodology, deriving at this stage primarily from synthesis and harmonization of relevant concepts identified through systematic archival analysis of related literature. The scope of the Roadmap too has been influenced by the parallel study aim to undertake DR applying and further evolving the Roadmap. The Roadmap is presented in attention to the dearth of detailed guidance available to novice Researchers in Design Science Research (DSR), and though preliminary, is expected to evolve and gradually be substantiated through experience of its application. A key distinction of the Roadmap from other DSR methods is its breadth of coverage of published DSR concepts and activities; its detail and scope. It represents a useful synthesis and integration of otherwise highly disparate DSR-related concepts
Experiences with Distributed Acoustic Sensing using both straight and helically wound fibers in surface-deployed cables -- a case history in Groningen, The Netherlands
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has been limited in its use for
surface-seismic reflection measurements, due to the fiber's decreased
sensitivity when the fiber is deployed horizontally. Deploying the fiber in a
helically wound fashion has the promise of being more sensitive to broadside
waves (e.g. P-wave reflections) and less sensitive to surface waves than
straight fiber. We examine these claims by burying a set of straight fibers
(SF) and helically wound fibers (HWF) with different wrapping angles, using
standard and engineered fibers. These fibers were buried in a 2 m deep trench
in a farmland in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. They are linked
up to two interrogating systems and an electrically driven vibrator was used as
a seismic source. We observe in our field data that using HWF has a destructive
effect on the surface-wave amplitudes. Our data confirmed the effect of the
wrapping angle on the polarity of the surface-wave arrival and the dampening
effect of the helical winding, both behaving in quite a predictable fashion.
Apart from the effect of the wrapping angle, the different design choices, e.g.
cable filling and material type, did not show a significant effect on the
amplitude of the signals. As for P-wave reflections, we observe that both
engineered SF and HWF provide reflection images comparable to those obtained
from the geophone data despite the straight fiber's decreased broadside
sensitivity. A polarity reversal and an amplitude difference between SF and HWF
fibers are observed. Finally, we show that the combined use of SF and HWF
proved to be useful since SF showed better sensitivity in the shallower part
and HWF in the deeper part.Comment: This manuscript has been submitted to GEOPHYSICS journa
Sampled-current voltammetry at microdisk electrodes: kinetic information from pseudo steady state voltammograms
In sampled-current voltammetry (SCV), current transients acquired after stepping the potential along the redox wave of interest are sampled at a fixed time to produce a sigmoidal current–potential curve akin to a pseudo steady state voltammogram. Repeating the sampling for different times yields a family of sampled-current voltammograms, one for each time scale. The concept has been used to describe the current–time-potential relationship at planar electrodes but rarely employed as an electroanalytical method except in normal pulse voltammetry where the chronoamperograms are sampled once to produce a single voltammogram. Here we combine the unique properties of microdisk electrodes with SCV and report a simple protocol to analyze and compare the microdisk sampled-current voltammograms irrespective of sampling time. This is particularly useful for microelectrodes where cyclic voltammograms change shape as the mass transport regime evolves from planar diffusion at short times to hemispherical diffusion at long times. We also combine microdisk sampled-current voltammetry (MSCV) with a conditioning waveform to produce voltammograms where each data point is recorded with the same electrode history and demonstrate that the waveform is crucial to obtaining reliable sampled-current voltammograms below 100 ms. To facilitate qualitative analysis of the voltammograms, we convert the current–potential data recorded at different time scales into a unique sigmoidal curve, which clearly highlights kinetic complications. To quantitatively model the MSCVs, we derive an analytical expression which accounts for the diffusion regime and kinetic parameters. The procedure is validated with the reduction of Ru(NH3)63+, a model one electron outer sphere process, and applied to the derivation of the kinetic parameters for the reduction of Fe3+ on Pt microdisks. The methodology reported here is easily implemented on computer controlled electrochemical workstations as a new electroanalytical method to exploit the unique properties of microelectrodes, in particular at short times
Transdimensional surface wave tomography of the near-surface: Application to DAS data
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a novel technology that allows sampling
of the seismic wavefield densely over a broad frequency band. This makes it an
ideal tool for surface wave studies.
In this study, we evaluate the potential of DAS to image the near-surface
using synthetic data and active-source field DAS data recorded with straight
fibers in Groningen, the Netherlands. First, we recover the laterally varying
surface wave phase velocities (i.e., local dispersion curves) from the
fundamental-mode surface waves. We utilize the Multi Offset Phase Analysis
(MOPA) for the recovery of the laterally varying phase velocities. In this way,
we take into account the lateral variability of the subsurface structures.
Then, instead of inverting each local dispersion curve independently, we
propose to use a novel 2D transdimensional surface wave tomography algorithm to
image the subsurface. In this approach, we parameterize the model space using
2D Voronoi cells and invert all the local dispersion curves simultaneously to
consider the lateral spatial correlation of the inversion result. Additionally,
this approach reduces the solution nonuniqueness of the inversion problem.
The proposed methodology successfully recovered the shear-wave velocity of
the synthetic data. Application to the field data also confirms the reliability
of the proposed algorithm. The recovered 2D shear-wave velocity profile is
compared to shear-wave velocity logs obtained at the location of two boreholes,
which shows a good agreement
Application of virtual seismology to DAS data in Groningen
In this report we investigate whether and under what conditions virtual
seismology via the acoustic Marchenko method can be applied to DAS data from a
survey in the province of Groningen, The Netherlands. Virtual seismology allows
to retrieve the band-limited Green's function between a virtual source at an
arbitrary focal point in the subsurface, while accounting for all orders of
multiples. The method requires the reflection response at the surface and an
estimate of the traveltime between the surface and focal point. However, in
order to successfully apply the method the reflection response needs to be free
from surface waves and other direct waves, and properly scaled in order for the
Marchenko scheme to converge. These limitations severely complicate the
application of the Marchenko method to field data, especially seismic surveys
on land. This report considers a full 2D geophone survey as well as a 1.5D
approximation for a DAS survey, and compares the results of the virtual sources
with an actual dynamite source. The results show that virtual seismology can be
used to recreate the reflections recorded at the surface from the dynamite
source using either geophone or DAS data.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
SOD1-ALS-Browser:a web-utility for investigating the clinical phenotype in SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Diel cycle of sea spray aerosol concentration over vast areas of the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
Ocean-atmosphere interactions such as sea spray aerosol (SSA) formation have a major role in the climate system, but a global-scale assessment of this micro-scale process is highly challenging. We measured high-resolution temporal patterns of SSA number concentration over the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Pacific Ocean covering 42,000 km of open ocean waters. We discovered a ubiquitous 24-hour rhythm to the number concentration, clearly seen for particle diameters \u3e ~ 0.58 µm, with spikes at dawn and drops at dusk throughout the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, showing more than doubling of the SSA number concentration during the day than at night. No correlation with surface winds, atmospheric radiation, pollution nor oceanic physical properties were found. Instead, parallel diel patterns in particle sizes detected in near-surface waters, attributed to variations in the size of particles smaller than ~ 1 µm, point to microbial day-to-night modulation of bubble-bursting dynamics as the cause of the SSA cycle
Evaluation of the Effects of Sativex (THC BDS: CBD BDS) on Inhibition of Spasticity in a Chronic Relapsing Experimental Allergic Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Model of Multiple Sclerosis.
This study investigated the antispasticity potential of Sativex in mice. Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced in adult ABH mice resulting in hind limb spasticity development. Vehicle, Sativex, and baclofen (as a positive control) were injected intravenously and the "stiffness" of limbs assessed by the resistance force against hind limb flexion. Vehicle alone caused no significant change in spasticity. Baclofen (5 mg/kg) induced approximately a 40% peak reduction in spasticity. Sativex dose dependently reduced spasticity; 5 mg/kg THC + 5 mg/kg CBD induced approximately a 20% peak reduction; 10 mg/kg THC + 10 mg/kg CBD produced approximately a 40% peak reduction in spasticity. Sativex has the potential to reduce spasticity in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Baclofen reduced spasticity and served as a positive control. Sativex (10 mg/kg) was just as effective as baclofen, providing supportive evidence for Sativex use in the treatment of spasticity in MS
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