Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists LP 44 and LP 211 elicit an analgesic effect on formalin-induced orofacial pain in mice

The most recently identified serotonin (5-HT) receptor is the 5-HT7 receptor. The antinociceptive effects of a 5-HT7 receptor agonist have been shown in neuropathic and inflammatory animal models of pain. A recent study demonstrated the functional expression of 5-HT7 receptors in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, which receives and processes orofacial nociceptive inputs. Objective To investigate the antinociceptive effects of pharmacological activation of 5-HT7 receptors on orofacial pain in mice. Material and Methods Nociception was evaluated by using an orofacial formalin test in male Balb-C mice. Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists, LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), were given intraperitoneally 30 min prior to a formalin injection. A bolus of 10 µl of 4% subcutaneous formalin was injected into the upper lip of mice and facial grooming behaviors were monitored. The behavioral responses consisted of two distinct periods, the early phase corresponding to acute pain (Phase I: 0–12 min) and the late phase (Phase II: 12–30 min). Results LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) produced an analgesic effect with reductions in face rubbing time in both Phase I and Phase II of the formalin test. Conclusion Our results suggest that 5-HT7 receptor agonists may be promising analgesic drugs in the treatment of orofacial pain

Çeşitli endodontik irriganlarla tedaviyi takiben biodentine’in yüzey mikrosertliği ve pürüzlülük özellikleri

Aim:Endodontic irrigants may be used during a second-visit treatment or retreatment of root canals with perforations requiring repair biomaterials. After a final flushing with a chemical irrigant, some solution may remain in the root canal space, which can affect the surface of the biomaterial, altering its properties and roughness.The present study aimed to evaluatethe effect of various irrigating solutions on surface microhardness and roughness of Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France). Materials and Methods:Fifty Biodentine specimens were prepared and randomly divided into five groups, with 10 samples in each group. The specimens were then stored in different solutions for 5 min: distilled water (control), 5.25%sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), or ozonated water. Surface microhardness (Vickers hardness number [VHN]) and surface roughness were evaluated using 2-D profilometry. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results:The VHN of specimens exposed to NaOCl and CHX was significantly lower than the VHN of specimens exposed to distilled water and EDTA (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively). There was no so significant difference in the mean VHN of the EDTA-treated specimens versus that of the control samples (p = 0.999). Regarding the surface roughness of Biodentine, there were no significant differences between irrigation solutions (2 = 4.243; p = 0.374). Conclusions:Exposure to all the irrigation solutions, except EDTA and ozonated water had an adverse effect on surface microhardness of Biodentine, whereas none of the irrigation solutions significantly changed surface roughness. Therefore, in clinical situations, such as perforation repair with Biodentine, use of EDTA and ozonated water may be preferred.Amaç: Biomateryallerle tamir gerektiren perforasyonlu kök kanallarının yeniden tedavisi veya ikinci-seans tedavisi esnasında endodontikirriganlar kullanılabilir. Kimyasal bir irriganla son yıkamadan sonra bir miktar solüsyon kök kanal boşluğunda kalabilir, bu dabiyomateryalin sertlik ve yüzey özelliklerini değiştirebilir. Bu çalışma çeşitli irrigasyon solüsyonlarının Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maurdes Fosses, Fransa)’in yüzey mikrosertliği ve pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elli adet Biodentine örneği hazırlandı ve rastgele olarak her grup 10 örnek içerecek şekilde beş gruba ayrıldı.Sonrasında örnekler farklı solüsyonlarda 5 dakika bekletildi: distile su(kontrol), %5.25 sodyum hipoklorit (NaOCl), %17etilendiamintetraasetik asit (EDTA) solution, %2 klorheksidin (CHX), veya ozonlu su. Yüzey mikrosertliği (Vickers sertlik değeri [VHN]) veyüzey pürüzlülüğü 2-D profilometre kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Veriler Kruskal–Wallis ve Mann–Whitney U testleri kullanılarakdeğerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık seviyesi P < 0.05 olarak belirlendi.Bulgular: NaOCl ve CHX’de bekletilen örneklerin VHN değerleri distile su ve EDTA’da bekletilenlere gore anlamlı derecede düşüktür (p <0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, ve p = 0.006, sırasıyla). EDTA-uygulanmış örneklerin ortalama VHN değeriyle kontrol örneklerininkiarasında anlamlı fark bulunmamaktadır (p = 0.999). Biodentine’in yüzey pürüzlülüğüne ilişkin ise irrigasyon solüsyonları arasında anlamlıfark bulunmamaktadır (2 = 4.243; p = 0.374).Sonuçlar: EDTA ve ozonlu su haricindeki tüm irrigasyon solüsyonlarına maruz kalmanın Biodentine’in yüzey sertliği üzerine olumsuzetkisi bulunsa da, diğer taraftan irrigasyon solüsyonlarının hiçbiri yüzey pürüzlülüğünü anlamlı derecede değiştirmemiştir. Bundan dolayı,Biodentine ile perforasyon tamiri gibi klinik durumlarda, EDTA ve ozonlu su kullanımı tercih edilebilir

SURFACE MICROHARDNESS AND ROUGHNESS PROPERTIES OF BIODENTINE

Aim:Endodontic irrigants may be used during a second-visit treatment or retreatment of root canals with perforations requiring repair biomaterials. After a final flushing with a chemical irrigant, some solution may remain in the root canal space, which can affect the surface of the biomaterial, altering its properties and roughness.The present study aimed to evaluatethe effect of various irrigating solutions on surface microhardness and roughness of Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France). Materials and Methods:Fifty Biodentine specimens were prepared and randomly divided into five groups, with 10 samples in each group. The specimens were then stored in different solutions for 5 min: distilled water (control), 5.25%sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), or ozonated water. Surface microhardness (Vickers hardness number [VHN]) and surface roughness were evaluated using 2-D profilometry. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results:The VHN of specimens exposed to NaOCl and CHX was significantly lower than the VHN of specimens exposed to distilled water and EDTA (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively). There was no so significant difference in the mean VHN of the EDTA-treated specimens versus that of the control samples (p = 0.999). Regarding the surface roughness of Biodentine, there were no significant differences between irrigation solutions (2 = 4.243; p = 0.374). Conclusions:Exposure to all the irrigation solutions, except EDTA and ozonated water had an adverse effect on surface microhardness of Biodentine, whereas none of the irrigation solutions significantly changed surface roughness. Therefore, in clinical situations, such as perforation repair with Biodentine, use of EDTA and ozonated water may be preferred.Amaç: Biomateryallerle tamir gerektiren perforasyonlu kök kanallarının yeniden tedavisi veya ikinci-seans tedavisi esnasında endodontikirriganlar kullanılabilir. Kimyasal bir irriganla son yıkamadan sonra bir miktar solüsyon kök kanal boşluğunda kalabilir, bu dabiyomateryalin sertlik ve yüzey özelliklerini değiştirebilir. Bu çalışma çeşitli irrigasyon solüsyonlarının Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maurdes Fosses, Fransa)’in yüzey mikrosertliği ve pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elli adet Biodentine örneği hazırlandı ve rastgele olarak her grup 10 örnek içerecek şekilde beş gruba ayrıldı.Sonrasında örnekler farklı solüsyonlarda 5 dakika bekletildi: distile su(kontrol), %5.25 sodyum hipoklorit (NaOCl), %17etilendiamintetraasetik asit (EDTA) solution, %2 klorheksidin (CHX), veya ozonlu su. Yüzey mikrosertliği (Vickers sertlik değeri [VHN]) veyüzey pürüzlülüğü 2-D profilometre kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Veriler Kruskal–Wallis ve Mann–Whitney U testleri kullanılarakdeğerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık seviyesi P < 0.05 olarak belirlendi.Bulgular: NaOCl ve CHX’de bekletilen örneklerin VHN değerleri distile su ve EDTA’da bekletilenlere gore anlamlı derecede düşüktür (p <0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, ve p = 0.006, sırasıyla). EDTA-uygulanmış örneklerin ortalama VHN değeriyle kontrol örneklerininkiarasında anlamlı fark bulunmamaktadır (p = 0.999). Biodentine’in yüzey pürüzlülüğüne ilişkin ise irrigasyon solüsyonları arasında anlamlıfark bulunmamaktadır (2 = 4.243; p = 0.374).Sonuçlar: EDTA ve ozonlu su haricindeki tüm irrigasyon solüsyonlarına maruz kalmanın Biodentine’in yüzey sertliği üzerine olumsuzetkisi bulunsa da, diğer taraftan irrigasyon solüsyonlarının hiçbiri yüzey pürüzlülüğünü anlamlı derecede değiştirmemiştir. Bundan dolayı,Biodentine ile perforasyon tamiri gibi klinik durumlarda, EDTA ve ozonlu su kullanımı tercih edilebilir

The use of platelet rich plasma in the treatment of immature tooth with periapical lesion: a case report

This study describes the treatment of an immature permanent tooth with periapical lesion which was treated with regenerative approach using platelet rich plasma (PRP). The root canal of immature human permanent tooth with periapical lesion was gently debrided of necrotic tissue and disinfected with 2.5% NaOCl, and then medicated with triple antibiotic paste comprised of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. When the tooth was asymptomatic, PRP and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) were placed into the root canal. Six months after PRP treatment, radiographical examination revealed resolution of the radiolucency and progressive thickening of the root wall and apical closure. Our findings suggest that PRP can be used for the treatment of immature permanent teeth with periapical lesion, as part of a regenerative endodontic treatment procedure. Keywords: Immature permanent tooth; Periapical lesions; Platelet rich plasm

Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists LP 44 and LP 211 elicit an analgesic effect on formalin-induced orofacial pain in mice

ABSTRACT The most recently identified serotonin (5-HT) receptor is the 5-HT7 receptor. The antinociceptive effects of a 5-HT7 receptor agonist have been shown in neuropathic and inflammatory animal models of pain. A recent study demonstrated the functional expression of 5-HT7 receptors in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, which receives and processes orofacial nociceptive inputs. Objective To investigate the antinociceptive effects of pharmacological activation of 5-HT7 receptors on orofacial pain in mice. Material and Methods Nociception was evaluated by using an orofacial formalin test in male Balb-C mice. Selective 5-HT7 receptor agonists, LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), were given intraperitoneally 30 min prior to a formalin injection. A bolus of 10 µl of 4% subcutaneous formalin was injected into the upper lip of mice and facial grooming behaviors were monitored. The behavioral responses consisted of two distinct periods, the early phase corresponding to acute pain (Phase I: 0–12 min) and the late phase (Phase II: 12–30 min). Results LP 44 and LP 211 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) produced an analgesic effect with reductions in face rubbing time in both Phase I and Phase II of the formalin test. Conclusion Our results suggest that 5-HT7 receptor agonists may be promising analgesic drugs in the treatment of orofacial pain