In Vitro And In Vivo Pharmacological Evaluation Of Mimosa Pudica Leaf And Root Extract For Antinephrolithiatic Activity

The growth of crystals in the urinary tract is known as urolithiasis. Mimosa pudica L. is used as a diuretic and to cure kidney stones in Ayurveda and other traditional medicine systems. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the anti-urolithiatic activity of Mimosa pudica L. extracts in rats that had been experimentally induced to develop urolithiatic behaviour, despite the lack of scientific evidence to support this activity. Method- Sodium oxalate incited urolithiasis model in the rodent was utilized to survey the impact of oil ether remove Mimosa pudica. The examination is intended to discover the impact of concentrates of Mimosa pudica on restorative utilization against sodium oxalate incited urolithiasis.   Group Treatment (Root Extract ) Group-1 Receive Saline (1 ml/kg) Group-2 Receive Sodium oxalate (7mg/100g,in) Group-3 Receive Sodium oxalate+vehicle (7 mg/100g, ip) Group-4 Receive Sodium oxalate+Cystone (7 mg/100g, ip + 500mg/kg,p). Group-5 Receive Sodium oxalate+ Ether extract. (250mg/kg) Group-6 Receive Sodium oxalate+Ether extract. (500mg/kg) Group-7 Receive Sodium oxalate+ Ethanolic extract. ( 250mg/kg) Group-8 Receive Sodium oxalate +Ethanolic extract. (500 mg/kg) Group-9 Receive Sodium oxalate +Aqueous extract. ( 250 mg/kg) Group – 10 Receive Sodium oxalate +Aqueous extract. (500 mg/kg) All rodents was housed in metabolic pens independently for the whole term of the investigation. The urine of each rodent was gathered on seventh day after 6 hrs of sodium oxalate infusion with Thymol as an (additive) and serum of each rodent would be gathered. Assessment of biochemical boundaries viz  Urea, Uric corrosive, Creatinine, Sodium, Chlorides and Potassium in serum and urine will be finished. Helpful groups were  relinquished on seventh day. Their correct kidney was inspected for the presence of calcium oxalate gems and stone development by histological procedures. Result - The presence of crystals in the urine, elevated blood levels, and lowered urine levels of biochemical markers such urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chlorides are signs of crystal deposition. The outcomes validated Mimosa pudica's beneficial impact on urolithiasis and supported the traditional Ayurvedic usage of this herb as an anti-urolithiatic medication

Impact of Educational Intervention Measures on Knowledge regarding HIV/ Occupational Exposure and Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Final Year Nursing Students of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India

Amongst the different Health Care Personnel nurses are at a greater risk of being accidentally exposed to HIV and other Blood Borne Pathogens. The present study was conducted among 50 final year nursing students of a Medical College Hospital to assess the knowledge regarding HIV, occupational exposure and Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) among the students and analyses the impact of educational intervention measures on the issues amongst the study subjects. A Pre-designed and Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of knowledge before and after educational intervention sessions. Knowledge regarding risk of transmission of HIV by needle-stick injury and body fluids against which universal precautions were mandatory increased by 72% following the intervention sessions (χ2 = 53.202, p <0.001). 72% and 36% respondents correctly knew the duration within which to start PEP and the drugs available for PEP, post educational sessions 98% and 96% students were aware of it: the difference being statistically significant (χ2 = 11.294, p <0.001) and (χ2 = 37.748, p <0.001) respectively. The mean pre-intervention score was 8.32; mean post-intervention score was 14.40: statistical analysis showed the results to be significant (t= 13.857, p< 0.001). The study reflects that there is a dearth of knowledge among the study group. Incorporating the concerned issues in the academic curriculum to provide the students with adequate knowledge and information during their formative years is needed

New Physics in b -> s mu+ mu-: CP-Conserving Observables

We perform a comprehensive study of the impact of new-physics operators with different Lorentz structures on decays involving the b -> s mu+ mu- transition. We examine the effects of new vector-axial vector (VA), scalar-pseudoscalar (SP) and tensor (T) interactions on the differential branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries (A_{FB}'s) of Bsbar -> mu+ mu-, Bdbar -> Xs mu+ mu-, Bsbar -> mu+ mu- gamma, Bdbar -> Kbar mu+ mu-, and Bdbar -> K* mu+ mu-, taking the new-physics couplings to be real. In Bdbar -> K* mu+ mu-, we further explore the polarization fraction f_L, the angular asymmetry A_T^{(2)}, and the longitudinal-transverse asymmetry A_{LT}. We identify the Lorentz structures that would significantly impact these observables, providing analytical arguments in terms of the contributions from the individual operators and their interference terms. In particular, we show that while the new VA operators can significantly enhance most of the asymmetries beyond the Standard Model predictions, the SP and T operators can do this only for A_{FB} in Bdbar -> Kbar mu+ mu-.Comment: 54 pages, JHEP format, 45 figures (included). 5/6/2013: typos in K* mu mu angular coefficients corrected, typos in Eq. (D.12) corrected, added a missing term in I3LT in Eq. (D.16). Numerical analysis unchange

Progress of children with severe acute malnutrition in the malnutrition treatment centre rehabilitation program: evidence from a prospective study in Jharkhand, India

Background In Jharkhand, Malnutrition Treatment Centres (MTCs) have been established to provide care to children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The study examined the effects of facility- and community based care provided as part the MTC program on children with severe acute malnutrition. Method A cohort of 150 children were enrolled and interviewed by trained investigators at admission, discharge, and after two months on the completion of the community-based phase of the MTC program. Trained investigators collected data on diet, morbidity, anthropometry, and utilization of health and nutrition services. Results We found no deaths among children attending the MTC program. Recovery was poor, and the majority of children demonstrated poor weight gain, with severe wasting and underweight reported in 52 and 83% of the children respectively at the completion of the community-based phase of the MTC program. The average weight gain in the MTC facility (3.8 ± 5.9 g/kg body weight/d) and after discharge (0.6 ± 2.1 g/kg body weight/d) was below recommended standards. 67% of the children consumed food that met less than 50% of the recommended energy and protein requirement. Children experienced high number of illness episodes after discharge: 68% children had coughs and cold, 40% had fever and 35% had diarrhoea. Multiple morbidities were common: 50% of children had two or more episodes of illness. Caregiver’s exposure to MTC’s health and nutrition education sessions and meetings with frontline workers did not improve feeding practices at home. The take-home ration amount distributed to children through the supplementary food program was inadequate to achieve growth benefits. Conclusions Recovery of children during and after the MTC program was suboptimal. This highlights the need for additional support to strengthen MTC program so that effective care to children can be provided

New Physics in Bs -> J/psi phi: a General Analysis

Recently, the CDF and D0 collaborations measured indirect CP violation in Bs -> J/psi phi and found a hint of a signal. If taken at face value, this can be interpreted as a nonzero phase of Bs-Bsbar mixing (beta_s), in disagreement with the standard model, which predicts that beta_s ~= 0. In this paper, we argue that this analysis may be incomplete. In particular, there can be new physics (NP) in the bbar -> sbar c cbar decay. If so, the value of beta_s is different than for the case in which NP is assumed to be present only in the mixing. We have examined several models of NP and found that, indeed, there can be significant contributions to the decay. These effects are consistent with measurements in B -> J/psi K* and Bd -> J/psi Ks. Due to the NP in the decay, polarization-dependent indirect CP asymmetries and triple-product asymmetries are predicted in Bs -> J/psi phi.Comment: 28 pages, JHEP, no figures. Considerable changes made. Abstract and main text of paper modified to alter presentation. Appendix added. References added. Conclusions unchanged

Effect of microalgae addition on mineral content, colour and mechanical properties of breadsticks

[EN] Microalgae has recently attracted considerable attention due to its potential as a high source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. Hence, it can be a useful ingredient intended to increase the nutritional and technological value of food products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of microalgae biomass (Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis) on mineral content, colour and mechanical properties of breadsticks, and the colour, texture and rheology of doughs. Microalgae were shown to affect texture and rheology in doughs showing greater hardness values, although, a decrease in hardness, toughness, crispiness and brittleness parameters was seen in breadsticks. The main effects observed with microalgae addition were changes in dough colour, with visual colour perception, in all cases, of distinguished green colour tones. Breadstick colour was evaluated over 15 days of storage and showed colour stability. Furthermore, the mineral content of breadsticks increased, specifically, iron and selenium, both important compounds involved in human body functions. The incorporation of Chlorella or Spirulina in the formulation allows for the production of breadsticks classed as "high in iron and selenium food" and more stable in colour and texture.Uribe-Wandurraga, ZN.; Igual Ramo, M.; García-Segovia, P.; Martínez Monzó, J. (2019). Effect of microalgae addition on mineral content, colour and mechanical properties of breadsticks. Food & Function. 10(8):4685-4692. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fo00286cS46854692108Volk, R.-B. (2008). A newly developed assay for the quantitative determination of antimicrobial (anticyanobacterial) activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic test compounds without any restriction. Microbiological Research, 163(2), 161-167. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2006.03.015Ibañez, E., & Cifuentes, A. (2013). Benefits of using algae as natural sources of functional ingredients. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(4), 703-709. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6023Borowitzka, M. A. (2013). High-value products from microalgae—their development and commercialisation. Journal of Applied Phycology, 25(3), 743-756. doi:10.1007/s10811-013-9983-9J. A. C. Costa and M. G.Morais , in Fermentation Process Engineering in the Food Industry , ed. C. R. Soccoll , A. Pandey and C. Larroche , CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group , Boca Raton, FL , 2013 , ch. 16, pp. 405–428Soni, R. A., Sudhakar, K., & Rana, R. S. (2017). Spirulina – From growth to nutritional product: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 69, 157-171. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.010Batista, A. P., Gouveia, L., Bandarra, N. M., Franco, J. M., & Raymundo, A. (2013). Comparison of microalgal biomass profiles as novel functional ingredient for food products. Algal Research, 2(2), 164-173. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.004Batista, A. P., Nunes, M. C., Fradinho, P., Gouveia, L., Sousa, I., Raymundo, A., & Franco, J. M. (2012). Novel foods with microalgal ingredients – Effect of gel setting conditions on the linear viscoelasticity of Spirulina and Haematococcus gels. Journal of Food Engineering, 110(2), 182-189. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.05.044Chacón-Lee, T. L., & González-Mariño, G. E. (2010). Microalgae for «Healthy» Foods-Possibilities and Challenges. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 9(6), 655-675. doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00132.xKadam, S. U., & Prabhasankar, P. (2010). Marine foods as functional ingredients in bakery and pasta products. Food Research International, 43(8), 1975-1980. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.06.007Roohinejad, S., Koubaa, M., Barba, F. J., Saljoughian, S., Amid, M., & Greiner, R. (2017). Application of seaweeds to develop new food products with enhanced shelf-life, quality and health-related beneficial properties. Food Research International, 99, 1066-1083. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.016Potter, R., Stojceska, V., & Plunkett, A. (2013). The use of fruit powders in extruded snacks suitable for Children’s diets. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 51(2), 537-544. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.11.015Shahbazizadeh, S., Khosravi-Darani, K., & Sohrabvandi, S. (2015). Fortification of Iranian Traditional Cookies with Spirulina platensis. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 7(3), 144-154. doi:10.9734/arrb/2015/13492W. Horwitz and G. W.Latimer , Official methods of analysis of AOAC International , 2005Fernández-Ruiz, V., Olives, A. I., Cámara, M., Sánchez-Mata, M. de C., & Torija, M. E. (2010). Mineral and Trace Elements Content in 30 Accessions of Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.,) and Wild Relatives (Solanum pimpinellifolium L., Solanum cheesmaniae L. Riley, and Solanum habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner). Biological Trace Element Research, 141(1-3), 329-339. doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8738-6Devi, A., & Khatkar, B. S. (2016). Physicochemical, rheological and functional properties of fats and oils in relation to cookie quality: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(10), 3633-3641. doi:10.1007/s13197-016-2355-0Inglett, G. E., Chen, D., & Liu, S. X. (2015). Physical properties of gluten-free sugar cookies made from amaranth–oat composites. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 63(1), 214-220. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.056Buono, S., Langellotti, A. L., Martello, A., Rinna, F., & Fogliano, V. (2014). Functional ingredients from microalgae. Food Funct., 5(8), 1669-1685. doi:10.1039/c4fo00125gMancebo, C. M., Rodriguez, P., & Gómez, M. (2016). Assessing rice flour-starch-protein mixtures to produce gluten free sugar-snap cookies. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 67, 127-132. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2015.11.045Graça, C., Fradinho, P., Sousa, I., & Raymundo, A. (2018). Impact of Chlorella vulgaris on the rheology of wheat flour dough and bread texture. LWT, 89, 466-474. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.024Bodart, M., de Peñaranda, R., Deneyer, A., & Flamant, G. (2008). Photometry and colorimetry characterisation of materials in daylighting evaluation tools. Building and Environment, 43(12), 2046-2058. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.12.006Gouveia, L., Batista, A. P., Miranda, A., Empis, J., & Raymundo, A. (2007). Chlorella vulgaris biomass used as colouring source in traditional butter cookies. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 8(3), 433-436. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2007.03.026Batista, A. P., Niccolai, A., Fradinho, P., Fragoso, S., Bursic, I., Rodolfi, L., … Raymundo, A. (2017). Microalgae biomass as an alternative ingredient in cookies: Sensory, physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity and in vitro digestibility. Algal Research, 26, 161-171. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.017García-Segovia, P., Pagán-Moreno, M. J., Lara, I. 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Neutral Gauge Boson Contributions to the Dimuon Charge Asymmetry in B Decays

Recently, the D0 Collaboration measured the CP-violating like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry in neutral B decays, finding a 3.2sigma difference from the standard-model (SM) prediction. A non-SM charge asymmetry a_sl^s suggests a new-physics (NP) contribution to Bs-Bsbar mixing. In this case, in order to explain the measured value of a_sl^s within its 1sigma range, NP must be present in Gamma_12^s, the absorptive part of the mixing. In this paper, we examine whether such an explanation is possible in models with flavor-changing Z (ZFCNC) or Z' (Z'FCNC) gauge bosons. The models must also reproduce the measured values of the indirect CP asymmetry S_psi-phi in Bs -> J/psi phi, and Delta Gamma_s, the Bs-Bsbar width difference. We find that the ZFCNC model cannot reproduce the present measured values of S_psi-phi and a_sl^s within their 1sigma ranges. On the other hand, in the Z'FCNC model, the values of all three observables can be simultaneously reproduced.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures, JHEP format. Some ZFCNC equations corrected, ZFCNC analysis redone, references added, conclusions unchange

New Physics in b -> s mu+ mu-: CP-Violating Observables

We perform a comprehensive study of the impact of new-physics operators with different Lorentz structures on CP-violating observables involving the b -> s mu+ mu- transition. We examine the effects of new vector-axial vector (VA), scalar-pseudoscalar (SP) and tensor (T) interactions on the CP asymmetries in the branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries of Bs -> mu mu, B -> Xs mu mu, Bs -> mu mu gamma, B -> K mu mu, and B -> K* mu mu. In B -> K* mu mu, we also explore the direct CP asymmetries in the longitudinal polarization fraction f_L and the angular asymmetries A_T^{(2)} and A_{LT}, as well as the triple-product CP asymmetries A_T^{(im)} and A^{(im)}_{LT}. We find that, in almost all cases, the CP-violating observables are sensitive only to new physics which involves VA operators. The VA new physics may therefore be unambiguously identified by a combined analysis of future measurements of these CP-violating observables.Comment: 26 pages, JHEP format, 21 figures. LaTeX error corrected, figures removed and changed, a comparison with previous literature added, references added and updated. Conclusions unchange

Corneal topographic changes in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To asses the effect of menopause on the corneal curvature changes using corneal computerized videokeratography (CVK) in premenopausal and postmenopausal healthy women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty-six postmenopausal women with mean ages of 49.2 (range 39 to 57) were enrolled in this randomized, prospective study, comparing with 26 healthy controls with mean ages of 38.5 +/- 4.9 (range 32 to 49). Subjects were determined to be postmenopausal, by the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, based on blood Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estradiol, Progesterone levels and clinical complaints. Complete ophthalmic examination and CVK using Haag-Streit System was performed in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean horizontal curvature and vertical curvature of central corneal power in premenopausal women were 43.5 +/- 1.25 Diopter (D), and 44.1 +/- 1.53 D. Mean horizontal curvature and vertical curvature of central corneal power in postmenopausal women were 43.9 +/- 1.4 D, and 44.6 +/- 1.3 D. The mean keratometric astigmatisms of premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 0.81 +/- 0.57 D (4–179 degrees), 0.74 degrees +/- 0.5 D (1–180 degrees) respectively. No significant corneal curvature changes were detected between premenopausal and postmenopausal groups (P > 0.05). On the other hand, we only found negative but significant correlation between horizontal corneal curvature and estrogen level of postmenopausal women (r = -0.346, p = 0.038).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Menopause is physiologic process and may also affect corneal topographic changes. In postmenopausal women, corneal steeping was observed minimally compared to premenopausal women. The results suggest that changes in estrogen level of women with menopause are associated with slightly alteration of horizontal curvature of cornea.</p