Peripheral VH4+ plasmablasts demonstrate autoreactive B cell expansion toward brain antigens in early multiple sclerosis patients

Plasmablasts are a highly differentiated, antibody secreting B cell subset whose prevalence correlates with disease activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). For most patients experiencing partial transverse myelitis (PTM), plasmablasts are elevated in the blood at the first clinical presentation of disease (known as a clinically isolated syndrome or CIS). In this study we found that many of these peripheral plasmablasts are autoreactive and recognize primarily gray matter targets in brain tissue. These plasmablasts express antibodies that over-utilize immunoglobulin heavy chain V-region subgroup 4 (VH4) genes, and the highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize intracellular antigens of neurons and astrocytes. Most of the autoreactive, highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize only a portion of cortical neurons, indicating that the response may be specific to neuronal subgroups or layers. Furthermore, CIS-PTM patients with this plasmablast response also exhibit modest reactivity toward neuroantigens in the plasma IgG antibody pool. Taken together, these data indicate that expanded VH4+ peripheral plasmablasts in early MS patients recognize brain gray matter antigens. Peripheral plasmablasts may be participating in the autoimmune response associated with MS, and provide an interesting avenue for investigating the expansion of autoreactive B cells at the time of the first documented clinical event

Peripheral VH4+ plasmablasts demonstrate autoreactive B cell expansion toward brain antigens in early multiple sclerosis patients

Plasmablasts are a highly differentiated, antibody secreting B cell subset whose prevalence correlates with disease activity in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). For most patients experiencing partial transverse myelitis (PTM), plasmablasts are elevated in the blood at the first clinical presentation of disease (known as a clinically isolated syndrome or CIS). In this study we found that many of these peripheral plasmablasts are autoreactive and recognize primarily gray matter targets in brain tissue. These plasmablasts express antibodies that over-utilize immunoglobulin heavy chain V-region subgroup 4 (VH4) genes, and the highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize intracellular antigens of neurons and astrocytes. Most of the autoreactive, highly mutated VH4+ plasmablast antibodies recognize only a portion of cortical neurons, indicating that the response may be specific to neuronal subgroups or layers. Furthermore, CIS-PTM patients with this plasmablast response also exhibit modest reactivity toward neuroantigens in the plasma IgG antibody pool. Taken together, these data indicate that expanded VH4+ peripheral plasmablasts in early MS patients recognize brain gray matter antigens. Peripheral plasmablasts may be participating in the autoimmune response associated with MS, and provide an interesting avenue for investigating the expansion of autoreactive B cells at the time of the first documented clinical event

Efeito da mitomicina C tópica na cicatrização de prega vocal em modelo suíno Topical mitomycin C effect on swine vocal folds healing

Várias terapias adjuvantes à cirurgia vêm sendo usadas para modular o processo cicatricial nas pregas vocais, entre elas a Mitomicina tópica (MTC). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos da MTC no processo de cicatrização de pregas vocais de suínos 30 dias após exérese de fragmento de mucosa com laser de CO2 mediante a mensuração da deposição de colágeno. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental em suínos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dois grupos de 6 suínos cada foram avaliados após exérese de fragmento de mucosa de prega vocal a laser de CO2 (grupo controle sem uso e grupo experimento com uso de MTC tópica). Após 30 dias os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, sendo coletadas amostras das pregas vocais para análise histológica, a fim de quantificar a deposição de colágeno mediante coloração de Picrosirius Red. RESULTADOS: A média da área do colágeno total das pregas vocais do grupo controle foi de 2648,03 µm2, enquanto a média do colágeno total das pregas vocais do grupo experimento foi de 2200,30 µm2 (p = 0,0043). CONCLUSÃO: A MTC usada topicamente após a exérese de fragmento de mucosa da prega vocal a laser de CO2 em suínos, diminui, significativamente, a deposição do colágeno total.<br>several adjuvant therapies to surgery have been used to modulate the healing process of vocal folds, including topic mitomycin (MTC). AIM: to evaluate the effect of topical MTC in the healing process of vocal folds 30 days after the exeresis of a mucosal fragment with CO2 laser in a swine model (control group without mitomycin and study group with topical MTC), with collagen deposition measurement. STUDY TYPE: prospective experimental in swine. METHODS: two groups of 6 swine each were subjected to exeresis of a mucosal fragment of the vocal fold with CO2 laser. Immediately after the procedure MTC was applied topically for three minutes on the study group. Thirty days later the animals were slaughtered and samples of the vocal folds were collected for histological analysis, with the purpose of quantifying collagen deposition by Picrosirius Red stain. RESULTS: the average area of total collagen in the vocal folds in the control group was 2.648,03 µm2, whereas in the study group it was 2.200,30 µm2 (p = 0.0043). CONCLUSION: topical application of MTC after the exeresis of a mucous fragment of vocal fold with CO2 laser in swine significantly decreased total collagen deposition