CRISP-TDM<inf>0</inf> for standardized knowledge discovery from physiological data streams: Retinopathy of prematurity and blood oxygen saturation case study

© 2017 IEEE. The CRoss Industry Standard Process for Temporal Data Mining (CRISP-TDM) that supports physiological stream temporal data mining and CRISP-DM0 that supports null hypothesis driven confirmatory data mining in combination was proposed by prior research. This combined CRISP-TDM0 is utilised as the standardised approach to managing, reporting and performing retrospective clinical research and is designed to solve the limitation in knowledge discovery amongst physiological data streams [1]. The temporal abstractions (TA) of high fidelity blood oxygenation saturation (SpO2) levels of nine premature neonates are analysed using data collected by the Artemis Platform that complies with the Big Data concept [2] and correlated with Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) data. The hourly SpO2, TA pattern visualisation manifested three clusters and this is further supported by mathematical review of time percentage spent in target, below and over oxygenation. Clustering based on ROP stage and gestational age identified probable association within these three clusters. However known risk factors showed no association with ROP

Why do the poor pay more? Exploring the poverty penalty concept

The poverty penalty refers to the relatively higher cost shouldered by the poor, when compared to the non‐poor, in their participation in certain markets. By trying to further develop this concept, this paper clarifies some of the subtle and more direct ways through which the poor could be marginalised in the market system. A brief review of the business and economics literature suggests that there are different possible causes behind various forms of the poverty penalty, and hence distinct ways to address them, depending on its form, the nature of the market under analysis, the specific country context, the characteristics of the poor themselves and the prevalence of market failures among other factors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Decline of the World’s Saline Lakes

Many of the world\u27s saline lakes are shrinking at alarming rates, reducing waterbird habitat and economic benefits while threatening human health. Saline lakes are long-term basin-wide integrators of climatic conditions that shrink and grow with natural climatic variation. In contrast, water withdrawals for human use exert a sustained reduction in lake inflows and levels. Quantifying the relative contributions of natural variability and human impacts to lake inflows is needed to preserve these lakes. With a credible water balance, causes of lake decline from water diversions or climate variability can be identified and the inflow needed to maintain lake health can be defined. Without a water balance, natural variability can be an excuse for inaction. Here we describe the decline of several of the world\u27s large saline lakes and use a water balance for Great Salt Lake (USA) to demonstrate that consumptive water use rather than long-term climate change has greatly reduced its size. The inflow needed to maintain bird habitat, support lake-related industries and prevent dust storms that threaten human health and agriculture can be identified and provides the information to evaluate the difficult tradeoffs between direct benefits of consumptive water use and ecosystem services provided by saline lakes