Transparent conducting sol-gel ATO coatings for display applications by an improved dip coating technique

Transparent conducting coatings of sol—gel ATO (antimony-doped tin oxide) were used to improve surface smoothness of commercial sputter-deposited ITO (indium tin oxide) coatings for application as display electrodes. In order to overcome the deteriorating evaporation-cooling during dip coating, the coating solution was heated moderately to 25 °C thus providing the substrate with the required heat. This way, the surface roughness of the ITO could be reduced with an only 45 nm thick ATO coating to Rpv = 3.8 nm (Ra = 0.4 nm) compared to 31 nm (3.8 nm) for the ITO substrate. Another benefit of such additional coating is the possibility to tailor surface properties of the electrodes in wide ranges. This was used to increase the work function of the ITO substrate from initially 4.3—4.6 eV to about 4.8—5.2 eV by the ATO coating

Transparent conducting sol-gel ATO coatings for display applications by an improved dip coating technique

Transparent conducting coatings of sol—gel ATO (antimony-doped tin oxide) were used to improve surface smoothness of commercial sputter-deposited ITO (indium tin oxide) coatings for application as display electrodes. In order to overcome the deteriorating evaporation-cooling during dip coating, the coating solution was heated moderately to 25 °C thus providing the substrate with the required heat. This way, the surface roughness of the ITO could be reduced with an only 45 nm thick ATO coating to Rpv = 3.8 nm (Ra = 0.4 nm) compared to 31 nm (3.8 nm) for the ITO substrate. Another benefit of such additional coating is the possibility to tailor surface properties of the electrodes in wide ranges. This was used to increase the work function of the ITO substrate from initially 4.3—4.6 eV to about 4.8—5.2 eV by the ATO coating

Solid state electrochromic display based on polymer electrode-polymer electrolyte interface

The electropolymerization of ortho-toluidine and ortho-anisidine gave uniform electroactive polymer films which were analysed by cyclic voltammetry, impedance and uv-vis absorption spectra. These films exhibit a reversible electrochemical response during cyclic voltammetry experiments in aqueous, non-aqueous and polymer electrolytes. Their electrochromic efficiency is high in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes but decreases in the polymer electrolyte. A solid state cell having the configuration ITO/TiO2-CeO2/LiN(SO2CF3)2-PEO complex/polymer/ITO, has been assembled. The transmittance variation of this system between the oxidized and reduced state is about 20% at 632.8 nm

Critical state theory for nonparallel flux line lattices in type-II superconductors

Coarse-grained flux density profiles in type-II superconductors with non-parallel vortex configurations are obtained by a proposed phenomenological least action principle. We introduce a functional $C[H(x)]$, which is minimized under a constraint of the kind $J$ belongs to $Delta$ for the current density vector, where $Delta$ is a bounded set. This generalizes the concept of critical current density introduced by C. P. Bean for parallel vortex configurations. In particular, we choose the isotropic case ($Delta$ is a circle), for which the field penetration profiles $H(x,t)$ are derived when a changing external excitation is applied. Faraday's law, and the principle of minimum entropy production rate for stationary thermodynamic processes dictate the evolution of the system. Calculations based on the model can reproduce the physical phenomena of flux transport and consumption, and the striking effect of magnetization collapse in crossed field measurements.Comment: The compiled TeX document length is 10 pages. Two figures (one page each) are also included The paper is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Melting and Dimensionality of the Vortex Lattice in Underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.60

Muon spin rotation measurements of the magnetic field distribution in the vortex state of the oxygen deficient high-Tc superconductor YBa{2}Cu{3}O{6.60} reveal a vortex-lattice melting transition at much lower temperature than that in the fully oxygenated material. The transition is best described by a model in which adjacent layers of ``pancake'' vortices decouple in the liquid phase. Evidence is also found for a pinning-induced crossover from a solid 3D to quasi-2D vortex lattice, similar to that observed in the highly anisotropic superconductor Bi{2+x}Sr{2-x}CaCu{2}O{8+y}.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 5 postscript file