2 research outputs found
All is Number
Rational numbers, which correctly describe many recognizable patterns
in the physical world, are often seen to converge in the process to irrational limits
or even singularities. As a common example, atomic numbers are well known
as fundamental parameters in chemistry, but by demonstrating that the periodicity
of atomic matter is simulated by the convergence of rational fractions, from unity
to the golden ratio, the importance of limiting processes and irrational limits in
the modelling of chemical systems and of phenomena such as superconduction is
emphasized. Other limiting formulae feature in atomic spectral series, radioactive
decay, circular measure, absolute temperature, the speed of light, structure of the
solar system and gravitational collapse. In virtually all cases the convergence involves
the irrational golden ratio and the golden spiral, the essential properties of
which are briefly reviewed in summary of the arguments developed in this volume.
The suspicion that molecular shape should have a related number basis could not be
substantiated. Only in the double-helical base pairing of DNA could any correlation
between molecular structure and number theory be demonstrated. It is tempting to
conjecture that the ubiquitous appearance of irrational limits signals the inadequacy
of the R3 number system to provide a detailed account of the four-dimensional
world.http://www.springer.com/series/430hj201
Chemistry by Number Theory
Aspects of elementary number theory pertaining to the golden ratio and
the golden spiral are shown to be related to and therefore of importance in the
simulation of chemical phenomena. Readily derived concepts include atomic structure,
electronegativity, bond order, the theory of covalent interaction and aspects
of molecular chirality. The physical interpretation of the results implicates the 4D
structure of space-time as a fundamental consideration. The implied classical nature
of 3D molecular structure identifies molecular mechanics as an ideal method for
structure optimization, and it is shown that the parameters may be related to number
theory. All results point at a 4D wave structure of electrostatic charge.Alexander von Humboldt Foundationhttp://www.springer.com/series/430hb2014ai201