Macroscopic thermodynamics of equilibrium characterized by power-law canonical distributions

Macroscopic thermodynamics of equilibrium is constructed for systems obeying power-law canonical distributions. With this, the connection between macroscopic thermodynamics and microscopic statistical thermodynamics is generalized. This is complementary to the Gibbs theorem for the celebrated exponential canonical distributions of systems in contact with a heat bath. Thereby, a thermodynamic basis is provided for power-law phenomena ubiquitous in nature.Comment: 12 page

Scherk-Schwarz SUSY breaking from the viewpoint of 5D conformal supergravity

We reinterpret the Scherk-Schwarz (SS) boundary condition for SU(2)_R in a compactified five-dimensional (5D) Poincare supergravity in terms of the twisted SU(2)_U gauge fixing in 5D conformal supergravity. In such translation, only the compensator hypermultiplet is relevant to the SS twist, and various properties of the SS mechanism can be easily understood. Especially, we show the correspondence between the SS twist and constant superpotentials within our framework.Comment: 16 pages, no figur

On the one-loop Kahler potential in five-dimensional brane-world supergravity

We present an on-shell formulation of 5d gauged supergravity coupled to chiral matter multiplets localized at the orbifold fixed points. The brane action is constructed via the Noether method. In such set-up we compute one-loop corrections to the Kahler potential of the effective 4d supergravity and compare the result with previous computations based on the off-shell formalism. The results agree at lowest order in brane sources, however at higher order there are differences. We explain this discrepancy by an ambiguity in resolving singularities associated with the presence of infinitely thin branes.Comment: 20 page

Exponents of 2-multiarrangements and multiplicity lattices

We introduce a concept of multiplicity lattices of 2-multiarrangements, determine the combinatorics and geometry of that lattice, and give a criterion and method to construct a basis for derivation modules effectively.Comment: 14 page

SUSY flavor structure of generic 5D supergravity models

We perform a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the SUSY flavor structure of generic 5D supergravity models on $S^1/Z_2$ with multiple $Z_2$-odd vector multiplets that generate multiple moduli. The SUSY flavor problem can be avoided due to contact terms in the 4D effective K\"ahler potential peculiar to the multi-moduli case. A detailed phenomenological analysis is provided based on an illustrative model.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figures, Sec.4 is modifie

General pseudoadditivity of composable entropy prescribed by existence of equilibrium

The concept of composability states that entropy of the total system composed of independent subsystems is a function of entropies of the subsystems. Here, the most general pseudoadditivity rule for composable entropy is derived based only on existence of equilibrium.Comment: 12 page

Microcanonical Foundation for Systems with Power-Law Distributions

Starting from microcanonical basis with the principle of equal a priori probability, it is found that, besides ordinary Boltzmann-Gibbs theory with the exponential distribution, a theory describing systems with power-law distributions can also be derived.Comment: 9 page

On Observing Top Quark Production at the Tevatron

A technique for separating top quark production from Standard Model background events is introduced. It is applicable to the channel in which one top quark decays semi-leptonically and its anti-quark decays hadronically into three jets, or vice versa. The method is shown to discriminate dramatically between Monte Carlo generated events with and without simulated top quarks of mass around 120 GeV and above. The simulations were performed with CDF detector characteristics incorporated, showing that the method is applicable to existing data.Comment: 8 pages, TUFTS-TH-92-G01 (Two minor TeX mistakes corrected

Validity of the second law in nonextensive quantum thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics in nonextensive statistical mechanics is discussed in the quantum regime. Making use of the convexity property of the generalized relative entropy associated with the Tsallis entropy indexed by q, Clausius' inequality is shown to hold in the range of q between zero and two. This restriction on the range of the entropic index, q, is purely quantum mechanical and there exists no upper bound of q for validity of the second law in classical theory.Comment: 12 pages, no figure

Highlights from Five Years at the B Factories

The highlights and conflicts at the B Factories are briefly reviewed. $CP$ violation was established in 2001 in $B^0 \to J/\psi K_S$ and related modes, which has now become a precision measurement of CP violation in $B^0$-$\bar B^0$ mixing. However, the situation for the $B^0 \to \pi^+\pi^-$ and charmless $b\to s$ modes, which probe also CP violation in the {\it decay} amplitude, are not quite settled yet. They could be hinting at presence of both strong (CP conserving) and new physics (CP violating) phases. We critically assess the developments and discuss some related discrepancies and highlights, such as observation of direct CP violation, and make a projection towards the next few years.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear as Brief Review in Mod. Phys. Lett.