Técnicas de ilustração de "Khavaran Nameh" em relação à expressão e retórica

Khavaran Nameh is one of epic Shi’i texts related to ninth century written by Ibn Hossam who described stories about Imam Ali with an epic expression and language. Literal and rhetorical techniques are some of methods used by poets in literal creation. Ibn Hossam could create many of beautiful and artistic descriptions using expressive and rhetorical images. The objective of this study is to indicate expressive and rhetorical techniques used by Ibn Hossam for illustration in Khavaran Nameh. Last part of this paper points to some effects of Ferdosi’s Shanameh on Khavaran Nameh in terms of illustration. Results obtained from this research on all of verses of Khavaran Nameh indicated that they play a vital role in Ibn Hossam’s illustration in terms of expression in describing epic scenes, high frequency of extensive and compound simile, arranged metaphor and multiple images. In terms of rhetoric, the poet used different types of puns, analogy amphiboly, estekhdam, simile, and good expression to create epic images when using poetic descriptions.Khavaran Nameh es uno de los textos épicos shi'i relacionados con el siglo IX escritos por Ibn Hossam, quien describió historias sobre el Imam Ali con una expresión y un lenguaje épicos. Las técnicas literales y retóricas son algunos de los métodos utilizados por los poetas en la creación literal. Ibn Hossam podría crear muchas de las descripciones bellas y artísticas utilizando imágenes expresivas y retóricas. El objetivo de este estudio es indicar las técnicas expresivas y retóricas utilizadas por Ibn Hossam para la ilustración en Khavaran Nameh. La última parte de este documento apunta a algunos efectos de Shanameh de Ferdosi en Khavaran Nameh en términos de ilustración. Los resultados obtenidos de esta investigación en todos los versos de Khavaran Nameh indicaron que desempeñan un papel vital en la ilustración de Ibn Hossam en términos de expresión al describir escenas épicas, alta frecuencia de símil extenso y compuesto, metáfora arreglada y múltiples imágenes. En términos de retórica, el poeta usó diferentes tipos de juegos de palabras, analogía anfibolia, estekhdam, símil y buena expresión para crear imágenes épicas al usar descripciones poéticas.Khavaran Nameh é um dos textos xiitas épicos relacionados ao século IX, escritos por Ibn Hossam, que descreveu histórias sobre o Imam Ali com uma expressão e linguagem épicas. Técnicas literárias e retóricas são alguns dos métodos usados pelos poetas na criação literal. Ibn Hossam poderia criar muitas descrições belas e artísticas usando imagens expressivas e retóricas. O objetivo deste estudo é indicar técnicas expressivas e retóricas usadas por Ibn Hossam para ilustração em Khavaran Nameh. A última parte deste artigo aponta para alguns efeitos de Shanameh de Ferdosi em Khavaran Nameh em termos de ilustração. Os resultados obtidos a partir desta pesquisa em todos os versos de Khavaran Nameh indicaram que eles desempenham um papel vital na ilustração de Ibn Hossam em termos de expressão na descrição de cenas épicas, alta frequência de símiles extensos e compostos, metáfora organizada e múltiplas imagens. Em termos de retórica, o poeta usou diferentes tipos de trocadilhos, analogia anfibólica, estimad, símile e boa expressão para criar imagens épicas ao usar descrições poéticas

Do retinal ganglion cells project natural scenes to their principal subspace and whiten them?

Several theories of early sensory processing suggest that it whitens sensory stimuli. Here, we test three key predictions of the whitening theory using recordings from 152 ganglion cells in salamander retina responding to natural movies. We confirm the previous finding that firing rates of ganglion cells are less correlated compared to natural scenes, although significant correlations remain. We show that while the power spectrum of ganglion cells decays less steeply than that of natural scenes, it is not completely flattened. Finally, we find evidence that only the top principal components of the visual stimulus are transmitted.Comment: 2016 Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computer

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This paper investigates the effects of different marketing strategies including basic marketing, reactive marketing, accountable marketing, proactive marketing and partnership marketing on brand equity. The proposed study uses two questionnaires, one for measuring the effects of different marketing strategies and the other for brand equity in Likert scale. Cronbach alphas for brand equity and marketing strategies are calculated as 0.71 and 0.86, respectively. The study has been implemented among 385 regular customers of a Picnic Gas distributer in city of Karaj, Iran. Using Spearman correlation ratio as well as stepwise regression analysis, the study has detected that there were positive and meaningful relationship between marketing strategies and brand equity

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