Bone marrow trephine biopsy: still a vital diagnostic tool in the 21th century.

Trephine biopsy is an indispensable diagnostic tool in the 21th century, even though the technique has an ancient origin, its value in developing countries is still innovative. The outcome of the marrow biopsy reports are determined by many factors, which includes detailed patient clinical information, inter departmental alliance, personnel practical knowledge and technical skill. However, molecular studies on the biopsy tissues are highly necessary and that can enhance diagnostic accuracy and also aid in personalized treatment. Method: The present review is based on a comprehensive Medline literature search and multidisplinary clinical experiences of the authors'. Result: Trepanning is still new in developing countries despite its importance, these has been highlighted especially on molecular ancillary studies and quality. Conclusion: We reviewed articles on trephine biopsy and its challenges to reemphasize its usefulness as a fundamental diagnostic tool in this era. Re-examination of the reality of the test to meet the standard is what is required

Rosai-dorfman disease: report of a rare case of peripheral lymphadenopathy.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), also called Sinus histiocytosis is an uncommon proliferative disorder of unknown aetiology. Though, the lymph node is the revelation mode of several diseases particularly in the tropics, RDD typically presents with painless bilateral lymphadenopathy in the neck associated with fever and leukocytosis, sometimesmimics lympho-proliferative disorders. Recently research has unveiled gene mutation in the tumour with potential of malignant transformation. Case report:We report case of 4 year old boy who had massive cervical lymphadenopathy with extranodal manifestation of fever. Sepsis screening was negative, while imagingshowed hilar,mediastenal andmesenteric lymph nodes enlargement in addition to massive hepatomegaly. The histology is suggestive of the diagnosis of RDD. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, with remarkable remission. Conclusion: We report the clinicopathological characteristics of RDD in order to increase our awareness of its diagnosis and treatment and to re-emphasize that the disease is rare in our environment