15 research outputs found
Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019
Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of â0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = â0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = â0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = â0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = â0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = â0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)
On the Performance of Ag/Oil Nanofluids in Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Sinusoidal Tube: Constant Heat Flux Boundary Condition
Analysis of mixed convection in an inclined square cavity using nanofluids with Vajjha and Das' nanofluid model
Mixed Convection in a Ventilated Enclosure by Considering Both Geometrical Parameters and Thermo-Physical Properties of Water/Cu Nanofluid
Numerical study of viscous dissipation and non-Boussinesq model effects on CMCâTiO2 fluid flow over backward facing step with baffle
Experimental investigation of heat transfer and exergy loss in heat exchanger with air bubble injection technique
The main aim of this study is to evaluate thermal performance and exergy analysis of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with
a new technique called air bubble injection. The study has been carried out with different parameters such as flow rate, fluid
inlet temperature, and different air injection techniques. The air has been injected at different locations such as the inlet
of pipe, throughout the pipe, and in the outer pipe of the heat exchanger. Based on the results, the performance of the heat
exchanger enhances with an increase in the flow rate and the fluid inlet temperature. The exergy loss and dimensionless
exergy loss increase with a rise in the flow rate. The maximum and dimensionless exergy losses are obtained at a maximum
flow rate of 3.5 l minâ1. With the air bubble injection in the heat exchanger, it has been observed that the temperature difference
increases, which leads to an increase in the exergy loss. The injecting air bubbles throughout the tube section shows
that minimum dimensionless exergy is 27.49% concerning no air injection.http://link.springer.com/journal/109732021-08-28am2020Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin