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Environmental justice and conceptions of the green economy
Green economy has become one of the most fashionable terms in global environmental public policy discussions and forums. Despite this popularity, and its being selected as one of the organizing themes of the United Nations Rio+20 Conference in Brazil, June 2012, its prospects as an effective mobilization tool for global environmental sustainability scholarship and practice remains unclear. A major reason for this is that much like its precursor concepts such as environmental sustainability and sustainable development, green economy is a woolly concept which lends itself to many interpretations. Hence, rather than resolve long-standing controversies, green economy merely reinvigorates existing debates over the visions, actors and policies best suited to secure a more sustainable future for all. In this review article, we aim to fill an important gap in scholarship by suggesting various ways in which green economy may be organized and synthesized as a concept, and especially in terms of its relationship with the idea of social and environmental justice. Accordingly, we offer a systemization of possible interpretations of green economy mapped onto a synthesis of existing typologies of environmental justice. This classification provides the context for future analysis of which, and how, various notions of green economy link with various conceptions of justice
The nexus between economic growth, energy use, international trade and ecological footprints: the role of environmental regulations in N11 countries
Diversified human activities and inappropriate
economic growth strategies have induced a trade-off
between economic growth and environmental degradation
worldwide. Consequently, the aggravating environmental
concerns have warranted regulations to be enforced for
safeguarding the welfare of the global environment. However,
the effectiveness of such environmental regulations in
reducing environmental deterioration has received equivocal
empirical evidence in the literature. Against this backdrop,
this study investigates the influence of environmental regulations
on the ecological footprints in the context of the Next
Eleven countries between 1990 and 2016. The results from
the econometric analysis, controlling for cross-sectional
dependency issues in the data, reveal that the existing environmental regulations legislated in the Next Eleven countries
are ineffective in reducing the ecological footprints of
these nations. Besides, greater energy consumption and
openness to international trade are found to boost ecological footprints. Moreover, the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is also authenticated for the panel of the Next Eleven nations.
The country-specific findings indicate that
energy consumption anonymously degraded the environment
in all the eleven nations, while heterogeneous impacts
of environmental regulations, economic growth and international trade on the environment are ascertained. Hence, these findings, in a nutshell, recommend the Next Elevennations to strengthen and enforce the environmental regulations, adopt sustainable economic growth policies, reduce fossil fuel dependency and participate in sustainable trade to ensure environmental sustainability