Comprehensive studies for development of galenicals with antimicrobial activity from hypericum perforatum L. Herb

This article describes the development galenicals with antimicrobial activity from Hypericum perforatum L. herb. Based on the working hypotheses, we developed a mathematical model. Its adequacy was verified experimentally, and it was noted that the working hypotheses suggested were not disapproved. Carrying out microbiological studies, we found that the maximum level of ethanol-water extract’s antimicrobial activity was observed in the samples obtained with ethanol 72 and 97 % v/v. It was determined that the level of antimicrobial activity of ethanol-water extracts (1:5 w/v) with ethanol 72 and 97 % v/v was equal to that of reference drug «Chlorhexidine bigluconate water solution 0.05 %». It was found that using the filtration method of extraction for one hour, it is possible to obtain the liquid extract (1:1 w/v) with the concentration of dry residue that equals 13.0 ± 0.7 w/v, and in two hours, we can obtain the tincture (1:5 w/o) with the yield of main biologically active substances more than 90 %. The comprehensive studies conducted increase theoretical knowledge in the field of development of galenicals with antimicrobial activity from Hypericum perforatum L. herb. © 2019, Folium Ltd. All rights reserved

Разработка галеновых препаратов с антимикробной активностью из травы зверобоя продырявленного

This article describes the development galenicals with antimicrobial activity from Hypericum perforatum L. herb. Based on the working hypotheses, we developed a mathematical model. Its adequacy was verified experimentally, and it was noted that the working hypotheses suggested were not disapproved. Carrying out microbiological studies, we found that the maximum level of ethanol-water extract’s antimicrobial activity was observed in the samples obtained with ethanol 72 and 97 % v/v. It was determined that the level of antimicrobial activity of ethanol-water extracts (1:5 w/v) with ethanol 72 and 97 % v/v was equal to that of reference drug «Chlorhexidine bigluconate water solution 0.05 %». It was found that using the filtration method of extraction for one hour, it is possible to obtain the liquid extract (1:1 w/v) with the concentration of dry residue that equals 13.0 ± 0.7 w/v, and in two hours, we can obtain the tincture (1:5 w/o) with the yield of main biologically active substances more than 90 %. The comprehensive studies conducted increase theoretical knowledge in the field of development of galenicals with antimicrobial activity from Hypericum perforatum L. herb.Описаны комплексные исследования в области разработки галеновых препаратов с антимикробной активностью из травы зверобоя продырявленного. Обнаружено, что максимальный уровень антимикробной активности спиртоводных извлечений наблюдается у тех образцов, которые были получены при использовании этанола с концентрацией 72 и 97 об.% Уровень антимикробной активности спиртоводных извлечений (1:5 м/о) не уступает уровню активности препарата сравнения «Хлоргексидин биглюконат водный раствор 0,05 %». С помощью метода фильтрационной экстракции в течение 1 ч можно получить жидкий экстракт (1:1 м/о) с концентрацией сухого остатка 13,0 ± 0,7 % м/о, а за 2 ч можно получить настойку (1:5 м/о) с выходом основных БАВ более 90 %

Study of baicalin hydrolysis kinetics in the process of its extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of baicalin hydrolysis in the process of its extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots. Materials and methods. For the studies, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots with a particle range of 0.1.0.5 mm were used. The method of extraction was a simple maceration during a specified period of time, the ratio of plant raw material : extractant was 1:10 w/v at the temperature of 24±1°C. Baicalin and baicalein contents were analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) at the analytical wavelength of 275 nm. The extractant was a water solution of ethanol 26, 43, 59, 72, 81, 97±1% v/v. The time of the extraction was from 1 to 24 hours. Results. The experimental points of dependency of baicalin concentration in the extract on the time of extraction for ethanol solutions with a concentration of 43 and 72% v/v are closely approximated by a linear equation in coordinates lnC=f(t). The value of determination coefficient is more than R2>0,99. Half lifetime for baicalin has been calculated: for ethanol with the concentration of 43% v/v it is 4.3±0.7 hours, and for ethanol with the concentration of 72% v/v it is 42.3±1.8 hours. Conclusion. Baicalin hydrolysis kinetics in the process of its extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots with 43 and 72% v/v ethanol concentration. has been studied. It has been established that the process of baicalin hydrolysis is well described by the first order kinetic equation. The constants of baicalin hydrolysis during its extraction from Scutelaria baicalensis roots with ethanol having different concentrations have been calculated. Recommendations on technology optimization for baicalin or baicalein extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots have been given. © 2019 Volgograd State Medical University, Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute. All rights reserved

Results of study dealing with antimicrobial activity of model gel mixtures for dental use with juniper essential oil

Background: In the last decade the incidence of periodontal disease has increased many times, and, according to data from WHO, it has become a global problem. In Russia 98.5% of those examined have periodontal disease. Currently, there is a shortage of locally produced medical remedies for the treatment of periodontal diseases. This situation creates a need for their pharmaceutical development. Aim: To study the antimicrobialactivity of model gel mixtures for dental use, with juniper essential oil as the final stage, in the development of a new soft dosage form for dental use. Materials and methods: Model samples of gel with apple pectin and gel with carbomer 934 were obtained. Antimicrobial activity was determined according to GPI.1.2.4.0010.18 “Determination of the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics by agar diffusion”. Results: All samples showed an acceptable degree of antimicrobial activity, however developed gel samples turned out to be priority in comparison with the market drug. Conclusion: It was established that the developed samples have moderate and high antibacterial activity in relation to the studied microorganism strains and a more pronounced biocidal effect than the reference drug – Metrogil-Dent gel. © 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved

Study of plants of genus stachys on the example of Betonicaofficinalisl. Within the scientific course “pharmaceutical remake”

The paper describes a retrospective analysis of the use of common betony in traditional and modern medicine. The Stachys plants have not been used in modern domestic medicine yet. Therefore, based on the historical experience of the use of common betony in traditional medicine, we have emphasized its value as a plant with high therapeutic potential. In this study, we used the so-called “Pharmaceutical remake”, intended to revive interest in the now-forgotten objects of flora, which were previously widely used in medicine. The polyphenol structure of betony grass was studies with the use of the reverse-phase and graduate elution high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of glycosides of diosmin, acacetin, luteolin and apigenin was established. The grass also contains hydroxycinnamic acids such as chlorogenic and rosemary acids, with the latter dominating in the polyphenol complex. The composition of plant terpenes in a hexane extraction has been studied by gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. It was determined that the terpenoid composition of betony is mainly represented by sesquiterpens: aromadendrene and germacrene, and monoterpenes: 3-carene and dihydrocarveol. © 2016, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ЭКСТРАКЦИИ ЛИПОФИЛЬНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ ИЗ ПЛОДОВ РАСТОРОПШИ ПЯТНИСТОЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ФРЕОНА R141B

The aim of the article is to experimentally study the extraction of sum lipophilic substances from the Silybum marianum L. fruits by refrigerant R141b. Materials and methods. For the studies we used milled plant raw material “Silybum marianum L. fruits” and “Silybum marianum L. fruits meal” with particle range 0.1-0.5 mm, and refrigerant R141b. For the extraction was used filtration method of extraction. For quantitative determination of sum lipophilic substances was used gravimetric method of analysis. Results. It was found that at temperature 25 °C, at filtration velocity of solvent through the plant raw material layer 0.96 l/(kgh) and at extract volume / raw material mass ratio (2:1), not less than 98 % of lipophilic substances was extracted by the refrigerant R141b from the Silybum marianum L. fruits during 2.4 h. Conclusions. Extraction dynamic of the sum of lipophilic substances from the Silybum marianum L. fruits by filtration method with refrigerant R141b at different volume velocity of its feed has been studied. As a result of the studies it was found that the yield of the sum of lipophilic substances achieved not less 98 %, during the 2.4 h, at the filtration velocity of extractant 0.96 l/(kg • h) and at extract volume / raw material mass ratio (2:1). It was suggested that the filtration method of extraction can be used for the development of a complex technology treatment from the Silybum mari-anum L. fruits.Цель работы - экспериментально изучить экстракцию суммы липофильных веществ из плодов расторопши пятнистой с помощью фреона R141b. Материалы и методы. В исследованиях использовали измельченное растительное сырье с фракцией частиц 0,1 -0,5 мм и фреон R141b. Для экстракции использовали фильтрационный метод экстракции. Для количественного определения суммы липофильных веществ использовали гравиметрический метод анализа. Результаты. Найдено, что при температуре 25°С, скорости фильтрации растворителя через слой сырья 0,96 л/(кгч) и соотношении объем извлечения / масса сырья (2:1), за 2,4 часа, фреон R141b из плодов расторопши извлекает > 98 % липофильных веществ. Выводы. Изучена динамика извлечения суммы липофильных веществ из плодов расторопши пятнистой с применением фильтрационного метода экстракции с помощью фреона R141b в качестве экстрагента при различной объемной скорости его подачи. В результате проведенных исследований найдено, что выход суммы липофильных веществ > 98 % в течение 2,4 часов при скорости фильтрации - 0,96 л/(кгч), и при соотношении объем экстракта/масса ЛРС 2:1 (о/м). Показано, что фильтрационный способ экстракции липофильных веществ может быть развит в отдельную технологическую операцию в составе комплексной технологии по переработке плодов расторопши пятнистой

STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM FLOWERS OF HELICHRYSUM ARENARIUM BETWEEN PHASES OF THE EXTRACTION SYSTEM

The aim of this study is to confirm the adequacy of the proposed hypothesis, which explains and quantitatively describes the distribution of biologically active substances (BAS) within the extraction system consisting of Helichrysum arenarium flowers and the solvent using a regressive analysis for the theoretically predicted coordinates. Materials and methods. For this research, milled officinal flowers of Helichrysum arenarium (Helichrysum arenarium L. flores) were used. The analysis of the extractions was carried out by RP HPLC method. Isosalipurposide, salipurposide, and chlorogenic acid of >= 98.0% purity were used as reference substances. The analytical wavelengths were 370, 290, and 325 nm. Results. The obtained experimental data are well-approximated by regressive linear equations in the theoretically predicted coordinates 1/C=f(V) and In(b/a)=f(1/T). Wherein, the coefficient of determination of regressive equations was R-2 >= 0.998, which indicates functional dependence between the studied parameters and confirms the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. The experimental work identified the necessity of implementation of additional constant values into the mathematical model. Conclusion. A new hypothesis was proposed to explain and quantitatively describe the distribution of BAS in the extraction system of Helichrysum arenarium flowers and 80% ethanol. With this working hypothesis, mathematical models were developed and their adequacy was proved using a regressive analysis in the theoretically predicted coordinates. The results obtained could not deny that a mechanism of BAS distribution between the phases is explained and described by the classic Boltzmann distribution for discrete values of molecular energy (or quantum distribution according to Fermi and Dirac)

An innovative way for extraction of essential oil components from Pimpinella anisum L. fruits

Objective: The aim of this article was to test the hypothesis about the possibility for extraction of essential oil components from the plant raw material (PRM) by the example of Pimpinella anisum L. fruits with two different perfluoro organic solvents, Novec 1230 and Novec 7100. Methods: For the studies, we used Pimpinella anisum L. fruits ground to obtain particle size between 0.1 and 0.5 mm. The study of qualitative and quantitative content of the extracts was carried out by the following method: simple maceration, PRM: extractant ratio 1:10 w/v; and circulation method for extraction using Soxhlet extractor, PRM: extractant ratio 1:5 w/v. Qualitative analysis of extracts was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Quantitative analysis of trans-anethole in the extracts was carried out by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) method. Results: The largest yield of anethole was observed for n-hexane, 84±4 %, and for Novec 7100, 81±4 %. In case of Novec 1230 solvent, the yield of anethole was noted to be three times less, 32±2 %. The yield of anethole under the conditions of solvents (Novec 1230 and Novec 7100) circulation method was up to 94±5 % within two hours. Conclusion: Adequacy of the working hypothesis about the possibility for extraction of essential oil components from Pimpinella anisum L. fruits by two different perfluoro organic solvents, Novec 1230 and Novec 7100, was verified experimentally. In the context of the solvents tested, it was found that the level of fluorination of the solvent’s molecule had a great influence on its extraction properties in regard to anethole and vegetable oil. © 2019 The Authors