Grain Surface Models and Data for Astrochemistry

AbstractThe cross-disciplinary field of astrochemistry exists to understand the formation, destruction, and survival of molecules in astrophysical environments. Molecules in space are synthesized via a large variety of gas-phase reactions, and reactions on dust-grain surfaces, where the surface acts as a catalyst. A broad consensus has been reached in the astrochemistry community on how to suitably treat gas-phase processes in models, and also on how to present the necessary reaction data in databases; however, no such consensus has yet been reached for grain-surface processes. A team of ∼25 experts covering observational, laboratory and theoretical (astro)chemistry met in summer of 2014 at the Lorentz Center in Leiden with the aim to provide solutions for this problem and to review the current state-of-the-art of grain surface models, both in terms of technical implementation into models as well as the most up-to-date information available from experiments and chemical computations. This review builds on the results of this workshop and gives an outlook for future directions

OPTIMIZATION OF ACUTE AND RECURRENT STREPTOCOCCOSIS THERAPY AMONG CHILDREN

The researchers examined 56 children aged between 3 and 12 years old, suffering from acute tonsillitis caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. After the antibacterial therapy of 10 days long all the children were divided into 2 groups. The first group comprised 30 children, who received the medication of the bacterial lysate (imudon, solvay pharma, Germany). The length of the medication intake was 14 days. The children of the second group (26 children) underwent one-time injection of bycillin. The research findings showed that application of the bacterial lysate drastically increased the efficiency of therapy and improved the contents of pharynx microflora within the decubation of acute tonsillitis caused by group a hemolytic streptococcus.Key words: acute tonsillitis, group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, treatment

OPTIMIZATION OF ACUTE AND RECURRENT STREPTOCOCCOSIS THERAPY AMONG CHILDREN

The researchers examined 56 children aged between 3 and 12 years old, suffering from acute tonsillitis caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. After the antibacterial therapy of 10 days long all the children were divided into 2 groups. The first group comprised 30 children, who received the medication of the bacterial lysate (imudon, solvay pharma, Germany). The length of the medication intake was 14 days. The children of the second group (26 children) underwent one-time injection of bycillin. The research findings showed that application of the bacterial lysate drastically increased the efficiency of therapy and improved the contents of pharynx microflora within the decubation of acute tonsillitis caused by group a hemolytic streptococcus.Key words: acute tonsillitis, group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, treatment

DIETIC CORRECTION OF FOOD RATION FOR CHILDREN WHO HAVE HAD SALMONELLOSIS ENTERITIDIS

One of the main intestinal infections of bacterial etiology in children is salmonellosis. the article is dedicated to the analysis of tolerance and clinical efficiency of vitaminized milk formula for children over one year old on the basis of natural, organic goat's milk in the complex rehabilitation of children with gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis. Good tolerability of the investigated product, improvement of abdominal and wall digestion parameters in small intestine, rehabilitation of autochtonic flora of the thick gut, normalization of parameters of trophological status against the background of its administration are shown.Key words: salmonellosis, goat's milk, children

DIETIC CORRECTION OF FOOD RATION FOR CHILDREN WHO HAVE HAD SALMONELLOSIS ENTERITIDIS

One of the main intestinal infections of bacterial etiology in children is salmonellosis. the article is dedicated to the analysis of tolerance and clinical efficiency of vitaminized milk formula for children over one year old on the basis of natural, organic goat's milk in the complex rehabilitation of children with gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis. Good tolerability of the investigated product, improvement of abdominal and wall digestion parameters in small intestine, rehabilitation of autochtonic flora of the thick gut, normalization of parameters of trophological status against the background of its administration are shown.Key words: salmonellosis, goat's milk, children

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ТЕРАПИИ ОСТРЫХ СТРЕПТОКОККОВЫХ ТОНЗИЛЛИТОВ У ДЕТЕЙ

The researchers examined 56 children aged between 3 and 12 years old, suffering from acute tonsillitis caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. After the antibacterial therapy of 10 days long all the children were divided into 2 groups. The first group comprised 30 children, who received the medication of the bacterial lysate (imudon, solvay pharma, Germany). The length of the medication intake was 14 days. The children of the second group (26 children) underwent one-time injection of bycillin. The research findings showed that application of the bacterial lysate drastically increased the efficiency of therapy and improved the contents of pharynx microflora within the decubation of acute tonsillitis caused by group a hemolytic streptococcus.Key words: acute tonsillitis, group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, treatment.Под наблюдением находилось 56 детей в возрасте от 3 до 12 лет с острым тонзиллитом, вызванным β-гемолитическим стрептококком группы А (БГСА). После курса антибактериальной терапии продолжительностью 10 дней все дети были разделены на 2 группы. Первую группу составили 30 детей, которым был назначен препарат из группы бактериальных лизатов (Имудон, Солвей Фарма, Франция). Продолжительность приёма препарата – 20 дней. Детям второй группы (26 человек) проведено однократное введение бициллина. Результаты наблюдения показали, что применение бактериального лизата существенно повышает эффективность терапии и улучшает состав микрофлоры зёва в периоде реконвалесценции острого тонзиллита, вызванного БГСА. Ключевые слова: острый тонзиллит, β-гемолитический стрептококк группы А, лечение.(Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2006;3(6):62-64

Гемолитико-уремический синдром. Возможная этиологическая роль инфекции, вызванной Campylobacter

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), one of the forms of thrombotic microangiopathy, is a severe emergency with non-immune (Coombs negative) anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal injury. HUS is heterogeneous, and its most common form, the typical HUS, is associated with Shiga toxin (Stx) producing bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Citrobacter freundii. Less frequent is HUS, caused by a neuraminidase producing streptococcus (pneumococcal HUS). The most uncommon form is the atypical HUS, which is a genetic orphan disease associated with an abnormality in the regulatory protein of the complement system. HUS has a fairly high mortality rate, amounting to 10–15% on average. The long-term outcomes of HUS depend on its type, as well as on the degree of the primary body tissue damage. According to the data from Novosibirsk Children's Municipal Clinical Hospital No 3 from 1991, 44 cases of HUS in children have been identified. Complete recovery, without any residual abnormalities, was registered in 25 children (56.8% of the cases). Nine children (20.5%) developed chronic kidney disease and 10 (22.7%) of all HUS cases were fatal. Early diagnosis, as well as the identification of pathogenetic mechanisms, is the basis for adequate therapy and outcome prediction. Campylobacter may be one of the causative agents of HUS. Despite new cases of Campylobacter-associated HUS being registered in the world, the very possibility of HUS induction by this pathogen and its pathophysiology are currently unclear. There is no convincing evidence for both Stx and the neuraminidase-related mechanism of HUS in Campylobacter infections. Given the high incidence of autoimmune disorders like Guillain-Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis in Campylobacter infections, it is currently impossible to exclude an autoimmune mechanism of HUS in these diseases. Thus, the role of Campylobacter, as a new potential bacterial agent of HUS, as well as the pathogenesis of such conditions in Campylobacter infections, requires further study.Одна из форм тромботической микроангиопатии гемолитико-уремический синдром (ГУС) представляет собой тяжелую, ургентную патологию, характеризующуюся развитием неиммунной (Кумбс-отрицательной) анемии, тромбоцитопении и острого почечного повреждения. Для ГУС свойственна гетерогенность форм. Наиболее частая форма – типичный ГУС – связана с бактериями, продуцирующими Шига-токсин (Stx), Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Citrobacter freundii. Реже встречается ГУС, вызванный стрептококком, продуцирующим нейраминидазу, – пневмококковый ГУС. Наиболее редкая форма – атипичный ГУС, генетическое орфанное заболевание, обусловленное нарушением белка регулятора системы комплемента. ГУС отличается достаточно высокой летальностью, достигающей в среднем 10–15%. Долгосрочный прогноз при ГУС зависит от его типа, а также от глубины первоначального повреждения тканей организма. По данным ГБУЗ НСО ДГКБ № 3 (Новосибирск, Россия), начиная с 1991 г. установлено 44  случая развития ГУС у детей. Полное выздоровление, без развития каких-либо нарушений, зафиксировано у 25 (56,8%) детей, развитие хронической болезни почек отмечено у 9 (20,5%) пациентов, летально завершился ГУС в 10 (22,7%) случаях. Ранняя диагностика, а также выявление патогенетических механизмов лежат в основе адекватной терапии и прогнозирования исходов заболевания. Одним из новых этиологических агентов ГУС может быть Campylobacter. Несмотря на то что в мире регистрируются новые случаи ГУС, связанного с Campylobacter, на настоящем этапе не ясны ни сама возможность индукции ГУС данным возбудителем, ни патогенез этого состояния. Нет убедительных доказательств как Stx, так и нейраминидазного механизма развития ГУС при кампилобактерных инфекциях. Учитывая высокую частоту развития при инфекциях, вызванных Campylobacter, таких аутоиммунных патологий, как синдром Гийена – Барре, реактивные артриты, сегодня не представляется возможным исключить аутоиммунный механизм развития ГУС при этих заболеваниях. Таким образом, роль Campylobacter в качестве нового потенциального бактериального агента ГУС, а также патогенез подобных состояний при кампилобактерных инфекциях нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении