Closed Abrikosov Vortices in a Superconducting Cylinder

The new type of solutions of the London equation for type-II superconductors is obtained to describe the ring-shaped (toroidal) Abrikosov vortices. The specific feature of these solutions is the self-consistent localization of both the supercurrent and the magnetic field, enabling one to construct compact magnetic structures inside a superconductor. The torus vortex contraction caused by the vortex instability leads to the destruction of the Cooper pairing and the formation of a normal electron stream in the vicinity of the torus axis. The thermodynamic condition for the excitation of a small closed vortex by a bunch of charged particles contains the fine-structure constant as a determining parameter.Comment: LaTex using revtex, 12 pages. 5 Figures available upon request from [email protected] Accepted for publication in Physica

Vortex loops entry into type--II superconductors

The magnetic field distribution, the magnetic flux, and the free energy of an Abrikosov vortex loop near a flat surface of type--II superconductors are calculated in the London approximation. The shape of such a vortex line is a semicircle of arbitrary radius. The interaction of the vortex half--ring and an external homogeneous magnetic field applied along the surface is studied. The magnitude of the energy barrier against the vortex expansion into superconductor is found. The possibilities of formation of an equilibrium vortex line determined by the structure of the applied magnetic field by creating the expanding vortex loops near the surface of type--II superconductor are discussed.Comment: LaTeX file ( 22 pages & 7 figures ); the required TeX style file "bezier.sty" is attached; accepted for publication in Physica

Defining Substance Use Disorders: Do We Really Need More Than Heavy Use?

Aims: The aim of the study was to explore whether the concept of heavy substance use over time can be used as definition of substance use disorder. Methods: Narrative review. Results: Heavy use over time clearly underlies the neurobiological changes associated with current thinking of substance use disorders. In addition, there is evidence that heavy use over time can explain the majority of social problems and of burden of disease (morbidity and mortality). A definition of substance use disorders via heavy use over time would avoid some of the problems of current conceptualizations, for instance the cultural specificity of concepts such as loss of control. Finally, stressing the continuum of use may avoid the high level of stigmatization currently associated with substance use disorders. Conclusion: ‘Heavy substance use over time' seems to be a definition of substance use disorders in line with results of basic research and epidemiology. Additionally, it reduces stigmatization. This approach should thus be further explore

The Tangible Common Denominator of Substance Use Disorders: A Reply to Commentaries to Rehm et al. (2013a)

In response to our suggestion to define substance use disorders via ‘heavy use over time', theoretical and conceptual issues, measurement problems and implications for stigma and clinical practice were raised. With respect to theoretical and conceptual issues, no other criterion has been shown, which would improve the definition. Moreover, heavy use over time is shown to be highly correlated with number of criteria in current DSM-5. Measurement of heavy use over time is simple and while there will be some underestimation or misrepresentation of actual levels in clinical practice, this is not different from the status quo and measurement of current criteria. As regards to stigma, research has shown that a truly dimensional concept can help reduce stigma. In conclusion, ‘heavy use over time' as a tangible common denominator should be seriously considered as definition for substance use disorde

Генетический полиморфизм и эффективность противовирусной терапии при хроническом вирусном гепатите С

Aim: to determine influence of genetic polymorphisms of hepatitis C virus and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of patients with chronic hepatitis C on achieving sustained virological response (SVR) to antiviral therapy. One hundred blood samples of eastern-Slavonic patients with different response to the therapy were analyzed. It was determined, that among SNPs of 7 human genes only allelic variants of IL-1β, IL-28B, TGF-β1 and viral genotypes can influence on probability to achieve SVR.Цель исследования - выявить роль генетического полиморфизма вируса гепатита С, выражающегося, прежде всего, в существовании генотипов/субтипов вируса, и однонуклеотидного полиморфизма (ОНП) генов пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С в формировании устойчивого вирусологического ответа (УВО) на противовирусную терапию. Изучены образцы крови от 100 пациентов восточно-славянского происхождения с разным ответом на терапию. Установлено, что на вероятность достижения УВО среди изученных ОНП семи генов влияют отдельные аллельные варианты генов IL-1β, IL-28B, TGF-β1 и генотипы вируса

The tangible common denominator of substance use disorders: a reply to commentaries to Rehm et al. (2013a).

In response to our suggestion to define substance use disorders via 'heavy use over time', theoretical and conceptual issues, measurement problems and implications for stigma and clinical practice were raised. With respect to theoretical and conceptual issues, no other criterion has been shown, which would improve the definition. Moreover, heavy use over time is shown to be highly correlated with number of criteria in current DSM-5. Measurement of heavy use over time is simple and while there will be some underestimation or misrepresentation of actual levels in clinical practice, this is not different from the status quo and measurement of current criteria. As regards to stigma, research has shown that a truly dimensional concept can help reduce stigma. In conclusion, 'heavy use over time' as a tangible common denominator should be seriously considered as definition for substance use disorder

Vortex molecules in thin films of layered superconductors

The seminal work of A.A. Abrikosov on the vortex lattices in type-II superconductors has triggered the creation and rapid development of the whole new field of condensed matter physics, namely, the physics of vortex matter in a large variety of superfluid and superconducting systems. Among these systems and compounds the layered superconductors are known to form a very important class which is associated with a number of fascinating new discoveries in vortex physics. The phenomenon of the vortex attraction in tilted magnetic fields provides one of the examples of such findings which affected theoretical and experimental research in the field for almost two decades. In our paper we review some recent advances in this direction focusing on the intervortex interaction and equilibrium vortex structures in thin films of layered superconductors in magnetic field tilted with respect to the layers. In such a case the magnetic field penetrates superconductor in the form of tilted vortices or a crossing array of Josephson vortices and pancake stacks. We study the interplay between two different long-range potentials: (i) attraction of tilted vortices or deformed stacks; (ii) the Pearl's repulsion. This interplay is responsible for the formation of the minimum in the total interaction energy and resulting decay of vortex chains in clusters. The number of Abrikosov vortices in these clusters (or vortex molecules) depends on field tilting angle and film thickness

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПЕРЕЛОМОВ КРЕСТЦА

The analysis of the frequency, structure and circumstances of the sacrum fractures in 148 patients, as well as evaluated the results of treatment 65 patients using conventional techniques and 83 with multiphase surgical tactic. The use during the first stage of external fixation devices, Ganz pelvic frame and active surgical treatment due to a quick stop the intrapelvic bleeding led to a decrease of the frequency of mortality by 2.6 times. The use of highly informative diagnostic methods and multi-stage surgical treatment in patients with concomitant pelvic injuries have reduced mortality by 1.4 times, the number of physical complications - by 1.6 times, local complications - by 2.4 times, the length of hospital stay - by 1.6 times, the frequency of permanent disablement - up to 28.9%, to restore the ability to work with 76.7% of patients within the first year.Проведен анализ частоты, структуры, основных обстоятельств получения повреждений крестца у 148 пострадавших с тяжелой сочетанной травмой. Оценены результаты лечения 65 пострадавших с применением традиционных методик и 83 - с применением многоэтапной хирургической тактики. Применение во время первого этапа аппаратов внешней фиксации, тазовой рамы Ганца и активной хирургической тактики за счет быстрой остановки внутритазового кровотечения привело к снижению частоты летальности в 2,6 раза. Применение высокоинформативных методов диагностики и многоэтапного хирургического лечения у пострадавших с сочетанными повреждениями таза позволили снизить летальность в 1,4 раза; сократить число соматических осложнений в 1,6 раз; локальных осложнений - в 2,4 раза; сроки стационарного лечения - в 1,6 раза; частоту стойкой утраты трудоспособности - до 28,9%; восстановить трудоспособность у 76,7% пострадавших в течение первого года

Formation of teacher's innovative culture in the educational space of a medical university

Introduction. Improving the quality of public health service largely depends on the level of the existing innovative culture in the educational space where future medical specialists receive a specialized education. Methodology. Innovative pedagogical activity has some specific features as a specific kind of pedagogical activity aimed at the formation of new goals, content and organizational conditions of the educational process in order to optimize it, increase its productivity and effectiveness. The conditions for successful innovative pedagogical activity are as follows: effective management of innovation processes at different levels of the education organization, inclusion of local innovations in the unified logic of the innovation process, creation of organizational prerequisites and a system for assessing the effectiveness of innovation; assistance in enhancing the professional competence of teachers, their interest in innovation; ensuring favorable psychosocial work environment of teaching staff, creating the atmosphere of creative search. Results. The teacher's innovative culture is oriented towards the formation of the innovative culture of future specialists. Increasing the innovative culture of a medical university teaching staff and engaging them in innovative activities is a didactic condition for improving medical specialists training. Discussion. Students in the educational space of the social and humanitarian disciplines are offered active practical activities to stimulate social training. Conclusion. Well-formed teacher's innovative space makes future specialists understand that improving the quality of life depends on laborious work on their spirituality, morality, and worldview. They acquire experience of professional activity on the basis of universal humane values. © 2018