Persistence of the gender pay differential in a transition economy

Poland;wages;economies in transition;gender discrimination;women workers

Wages and wage growth in Poland : the role of foreign direct investment

Poland;foreign investment;wages;industrial sector;information transfer

Foreign direct investment and host country regional export performance : evidence from Poland

Poland;industry;direct investment;export promotion;export volume;foreign investment;statistical analysis

Child labour and educational success in Portugal

child labour; education; child development; Portugal;

Primary school attendance in Honduras

Honduras;statistical analysis;primary schools;school attendance

Domestic violence and dowry: evidence from a south Indian village

dowry; marriage; women; violence against women; women's status; men; social status; social implications; gender equality; India;

The decline in primary school enrolment in Kenya

school attendance;Kenya;economics of education;educational policy;primary education

‘War on piracy’: the conflation of Somali piracy with terrorism in discourse, tactic and law

This paper argues that since 2005, the global security discourse has confused maritime piracy off the Horn of Africa with terrorism. American and European policymakers and financiers have tapped a vulnerable public imaginary to exaggerate Somali pirates as ‘maritime terrorists’ linked to Shabaab and Al Qaeda, driving the militarization and legal obfuscation of counter-piracy operations. The discursive conflation of piracy and terrorism has thereby launched a tactical and legal War on Piracy that mirrors the War on Terror. This approach is pushing pirates to become more daring and dangerous in response. We conclude that the tactical extension from counterterrorism to counter-piracy is unlikely to succeed, as it is insensitive to the origins, motives and modus operandi of Somali pirates. The paper proposes a shift from military to developmental responses to piracy, with an emphasis on respecting local institutions of law enforcement and governance in Somalia

Tackling female infanticide and sex selection in Tamil Nadu a failure?

This response to "Declining Child Sex Ratio and Sex Selection in India: A Demographic Epiphany"? (EPW, 18 August 2012) argues that contrary to the assertion in that article, state and non-governmental organisation interventions seem to have played an important role in reversing the decline in the 0-6 sex ratio in Tamil Nadu

The Dynamics of Job Creation and Job Destruction: Is Sub-Saharan Africa Different?

The Dynamics of Job Creation and Job Destruction: Is Sub-Saharan Africa Different? This paper analyzes the creation, destruction and reallocation of jobs in order to understand the micro-dynamics of aggregate employment change in African manufacturing. The nature and magnitude of gross job flows are examined using a unique panel data of Ethiopian manufacturing establishments over the period 1996-2007. We also assess the relative importance of firm demographics, industry effects and business cycles for job flows. The rates and patterns of job creation and destruction in our sample are comparable to the findings from developed and emerging economies suggesting that African firms adjust their labor force in a manner broadly similar to firms elsewhere and that African labor markets are not uniquely restrictive in terms of undermining job reallocation across firms. We also find, as in many other countries, that job reallocation is relatively higher in industries dominated by smaller and younger establishments. However, unlike other regions, job reallocation in our sample is pro-cyclical and its variation across industries bears little similarity to the patterns found in other developed and emerging economies. Small firms in Africa create jobs mainly at the point of market-entry and play a limited role in terms of contributing to manufacturing employment through post-entry expansion