A first impression of the future

Funding Information: This research was supported by Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Early Career Research Award DE190101043 (to C.S.), an Experimental Psychology Society Small Research grant (to C.S.) and an ARC Discovery Award DP170104602 (to C.S. and A.Y). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr Jemma Collova from the School of Indigenous Studies, University of Western Australia, for helpful feedback on a draft.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Children show neural sensitivity to facial trustworthiness as measured by fast periodic visual stimulation

Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mirha Khan for helping to test pilot participants. Funding This research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship to SS, and Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Early Career Research Award to C.S. [DE190101043], ARC Discovery Project to C.S. and R.P. [DP220101026], and R.P. and L. J. [DP140101743].Peer reviewedPostprin

Density of states for almost diagonal random matrices

We study the density of states (DOS) for disordered systems whose spectral statistics can be described by a Gaussian ensemble of almost diagonal Hermitian random matrices. The matrices have independent random entries $H_{i \geq j}$ with small off-diagonal elements: $\ll <|H_{ii}|^{2} > \sim 1$. Using the recently suggested method of a {\it virial expansion in the number of interacting energy levels} (Journ.Phys.A {\bf 36}, 8265), we calculate the leading correction to the Poissonian DOS in the cases of the Gaussian Orthogonal and Unitary Ensembles. We apply the general formula to the critical power-law banded random matrices and the unitary Moshe-Neuberger-Shapiro model and compare DOS of these models.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

A novel realization of the Calogero-Moser scattering states as coherent states

A novel realization is provided for the scattering states of the $N$-particle Calogero-Moser Hamiltonian. They are explicitly shown to be the coherent states of the singular oscillators of the Calogero-Sutherland model. Our algebraic treatment is straightforwardly extendable to a large number of few and many-body interacting systems in one and higher dimensions.Comment: 9 pages, REVTe

Schur Polynomials and the Yang-Baxter equation

We show that within the six-vertex model there is a parametrized Yang-Baxter equation with nonabelian parameter group GL(2)xGL(1) at the center of the disordered regime. As an application we rederive deformations of the Weyl character formule of Tokuyama and of Hamel and King.Comment: Revised introduction; slightly changed reference

Trustworthiness perception is mandatory : Task instructions do not modulate fast periodic visual stimulation trustworthiness responses

Acknowledgments The authors thank Bruno Rossion, Joan Liu-Shuang, Talia Retter, and Amy Dawel for their advice and helpful discussions, and Alex Todorov for providing the face stimuli. Supported by an RTP scholarship from the University of Western Australia to DS, an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Early Career Research Award to CS (DE190101043), and ARC Discovery Projects to CS and RP (DP170104602) and RP (DP140101743).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Equivalence of the Calogero-Sutherland Model to Free Harmonic Oscillators

A similarity transformation is constructed through which a system of particles interacting with inverse-square two-body and harmonic potentials in one dimension, can be mapped identically, to a set of free harmonic oscillators. This equivalence provides a straightforward method to find the complete set of eigenfunctions, the exact constants of motion and a linear $W_{1+\infty}$ algebra associated with this model. It is also demonstrated that a large class of models with long-range interactions, both in one and higher dimensions can be made equivalent to decoupled oscillators.Comment: 9 pages, REVTeX, Completely revised, few new equations and references are adde

Correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review

Background: Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) participate in low levels of physical activity. To inform the development of interventions, we need to better understand factors associated with physical activity. The aim of this study was therefore to systematically review correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents with ID. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched between 1 January 1990 and 29 February 2020 to identify English‐language studies, which examined correlates of free‐living physical activity in children and adolescents (0–19 years) with ID. Study quality was assessed. Correlates were analysed using a narrative synthesis and classified using the socioecological model as intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational or environmental. Results: Fifteen studies published between 2010 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Forty‐eight individual correlates were identified. Studies were predominantly focused on intrapersonal‐level correlates. Of those correlates investigated in more than one study (n = 6), having better motor development was positively associated with physical activity. Inconsistent results were found for age and cardiorespiratory fitness. Sex, percentage body fat and body mass index were not correlated. No interpersonal‐level, organisational‐level or environmental‐level correlates were included in more than one study. Conclusions: To date, we have limited and inconclusive evidence about correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents with ID. Only when future studies unravel correlates and determinants, across all domains of the socioecological model, will the potential opportunities to improve health by increasing physical activity levels be achievable

Disease-specific, neurosphere-derived cells as models for brain disorders

There is a pressing need for patient-derived cell models of brain diseases that are relevant and robust enough to produce the large quantities of cells required for molecular and functional analyses. We describe here a new cell model based on patient-derived cells from the human olfactory mucosa, the organ of smell, which regenerates throughout life from neural stem cells. Olfactory mucosa biopsies were obtained from healthy controls and patients with either schizophrenia, a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder, or Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disease. Biopsies were dissociated and grown as neurospheres in defined medium. Neurosphere-derived cell lines were grown in serum-containing medium as adherent monolayers and stored frozen. By comparing 42 patient and control cell lines we demonstrated significant disease-specific alterations in gene expression, protein expression and cell function, including dysregulated neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia and dysregulated mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism in Parkinson's disease. The study has identified new candidate genes and cell pathways for future investigation. Fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients did not show these differences. Olfactory neurosphere-derived cells have many advantages over embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells as models for brain diseases. They do not require genetic reprogramming and they can be obtained from adults with complex genetic diseases. They will be useful for understanding disease aetiology, for diagnostics and for drug discovery