3,602 research outputs found
Possibility of Turbulence from a Post-Navier-Stokes Equation
We introduce corrections to the Navier-Stokes equation arising from the
transitions between molecular states and the injection of external energy. In
the simplest application of the proposed post Navier-Stokes equation, we find a
multi-valued velocity field and the immediate possibility of velocity reversal,
both features of turbulence
Wear Minimization for Cuckoo Hashing: How Not to Throw a Lot of Eggs into One Basket
We study wear-leveling techniques for cuckoo hashing, showing that it is
possible to achieve a memory wear bound of after the
insertion of items into a table of size for a suitable constant
using cuckoo hashing. Moreover, we study our cuckoo hashing method empirically,
showing that it significantly improves on the memory wear performance for
classic cuckoo hashing and linear probing in practice.Comment: 13 pages, 1 table, 7 figures; to appear at the 13th Symposium on
Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2014
What can(not) be measured with ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiments
Direct searches for dark matter have prompted in recent years a great deal of
excitement within the astroparticle physics community, but the compatibility
between signal claims and null results of different experiments is far from
being a settled issue. In this context, we study here the prospects for
constraining the dark matter parameter space with the next generation of
ton-scale detectors. Using realistic experimental capabilities for a wide range
of targets (including fluorine, sodium, argon, germanium, iodine and xenon),
the role of target complementarity is analysed in detail while including the
impact of astrophysical uncertainties in a self-consistent manner. We show
explicitly that a multi-target signal in future direct detection facilities can
determine the sign of the ratio of scalar couplings , but not its
scale. This implies that the scalar-proton cross-section is left essentially
unconstrained if the assumption is relaxed. Instead, we find that
both the axial-proton cross-section and the ratio of axial couplings
can be measured with fair accuracy if multi-ton instruments using sodium and
iodine will eventually come online. Moreover, it turns out that future direct
detection data can easily discriminate between elastic and inelastic
scatterings. Finally, we argue that, with weak assumptions regarding the WIMP
couplings and the astrophysics, only the dark matter mass and the inelastic
parameter (i.e. mass splitting) may be inferred from the recoil spectra --
specifically, we anticipate an accuracy of tens of GeV (tens of keV) in the
measurement of the dark matter mass (inelastic parameter).Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures, 7 table
Spin-independent elastic WIMP scattering and the DAMA annual modulation signal
We discuss the interpretation of the annual modulation signal seen in the
DAMA experiment in terms of spin-independent elastic WIMP scattering. Taking
into account channeling in the crystal as well as the spectral signature of the
modulation signal we find that the low-mass WIMP region consistent with DAMA
data is confined to WIMP masses close to GeV, in
disagreement with the constraints from CDMS and XENON. We conclude that even if
channeling is taken into account this interpretation of the DAMA modulation
signal is disfavoured. There are no overlap regions in the parameter space at
90% CL and a consistency test gives the probability of . We
study the robustness of this result with respect to variations of the WIMP
velocity distribution in our galaxy, by changing various parameters of the
distribution function, and by using the results of a realistic N-body dark
matter simulation. We find that only by making rather extreme assumptions
regarding halo properties can we obtain agreement between DAMA and CDMS/XENON.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, matches version accepted in JCA
Momentum-Resolved Tunneling into Fractional Quantum Hall Edges
Tunneling from a two-dimensional contact into quantum-Hall edges is
considered theoretically for a case where the barrier is extended, uniform, and
parallel to the edge. In contrast to previously realized tunneling geometries,
details of the microscopic edge structure are exhibited directly in the voltage
and magnetic-field dependence of the differential tunneling conductance. In
particular, it is possible to measure the dispersion of the edge-magnetoplasmon
mode, and the existence of additional, sometimes counterpropagating,
edge-excitation branches could be detected.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTex
Non-Newtonian effects in the peristaltic flow of a Maxwell fluid
We analyzed the effect of viscoelasticity on the dynamics of fluids in porous
media by studying the flow of a Maxwell fluid in a circular tube, in which the
flow is induced by a wave traveling on the tube wall. The present study
investigates novelties brought about into the classic peristaltic mechanism by
inclusion of non-Newtonian effects that are important, for example, for
hydrocarbons. This problem has numerous applications in various branches of
science, including stimulation of fluid flow in porous media under the effect
of elastic waves. We have found that in the extreme non-Newtonian regime there
is a possibility of a fluid flow in the direction {\it opposite} to the
propagation of the wave traveling on the tube wall.Comment: to Appear in Phys. Rev. E., 01 September 2001 issu
26: A critical contribution of donor -173G/C polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene to the development of chronic graft versus host disease
Transport of Surface States in the Bulk Quantum Hall Effect
The two-dimensional surface of a coupled multilayer integer quantum Hall
system consists of an anisotropic chiral metal. This unusual metal is
characterized by ballistic motion transverse and diffusive motion parallel
(\hat{z}) to the magnetic field. Employing a network model, we calculate
numerically the phase coherent two-terminal z-axis conductance and its
mesoscopic fluctuations. Quasi-1d localization effects are evident in the limit
of many layers. We consider the role of inelastic de-phasing effects in
modifying the transport of the chiral surface sheath, discussing their
importance in the recent experiments of Druist et al.Comment: 9 pages LaTex, 9 postscript figures included using eps
Clinical and molecular characterization of HER2 amplified-pancreatic cancer
<p>Background:
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal and molecularly diverse malignancies. Repurposing of therapeutics that target specific molecular mechanisms in different disease types offers potential for rapid improvements in outcome. Although HER2 amplification occurs in pancreatic cancer, it is inadequately characterized to exploit the potential of anti-HER2 therapies.</p>
<p>Methods:
HER2 amplification was detected and further analyzed using multiple genomic sequencing approaches. Standardized reference laboratory assays defined HER2 amplification in a large cohort of patients (n = 469) with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).</p>
<p>Results:
An amplified inversion event (1 MB) was identified at the HER2 locus in a patient with PDAC. Using standardized laboratory assays, we established diagnostic criteria for HER2 amplification in PDAC, and observed a prevalence of 2%. Clinically, HER2- amplified PDAC was characterized by a lack of liver metastases, and a preponderance of lung and brain metastases. Excluding breast and gastric cancer, the incidence of HER2-amplified cancers in the USA is >22,000 per annum.</p>
<p>Conclusions:
HER2 amplification occurs in 2% of PDAC, and has distinct features with implications for clinical practice. The molecular heterogeneity of PDAC implies that even an incidence of 2% represents an attractive target for anti-HER2 therapies, as options for PDAC are limited. Recruiting patients based on HER2 amplification, rather than organ of origin, could make trials of anti-HER2 therapies feasible in less common cancer types.</p>
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