Cytomorphological Studies on Stem of Luffa echinata Roxb

Luffa echinata Roxb., commonly known as Bindal in Hindi is used for its hypoglycemic activity in the indigenous system of medicine. No pharmacognostical study on stem is reported in the literature till date; therefore, it was decided to study macroscopical and cytomorphological characters in detail to bring out salient diagnostic features. The stem pieces available in the market are 1.5–17 cm long and 5–8 mm in diameter, showing yellowish-brown to brownish-black surface with longitudinal furrows, fracture is fibrous, and taste is bitter. Mature stem shows single-layered epidermis, seven layers of collenchyma below five ridges but one to two layers of parenchyma in rest of the region beneath the epidermis, continuous wide wavy layer of pericycle composed of three to eight layers of fiber. There are five conjoint bi-collateral open vascular bundles one below each ridge and additional four medullary vascular bundles in the pith each facing furrows

Synthesis, computational studies and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of 2-[4-(aryl substituted) piperazin-1-yl]-N-benzylacetamides as potential antipsychotics

A series of 2-[4-(aryl substituted) piperazin-1-yl]-N-benzylacetamides were synthesized and the target compounds (3a–j) were evaluated for atypical antipsychotic activity by studying apomorphine induced climbing behavior, 5-HTP induced head twitches behavior and catalepsy in mice. The physicochemical similarity of the target compounds with respect to standard drugs clozapine, ketanserin and risperidone was assessed by calculating from a set of physicochemical properties using software programs. The test compounds (3a–j) demonstrated good similarity values with respect to the standard drugs. Among them, compound 3b has emerged as an important lead compound showing potential atypical antipsychotic-like profile