ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ МАТЕРЕЙ, ВОСПИТЫВАЮЩИХ ДЕТЕЙ ИНВАЛИДОВ

Background: Research objective was to define psychological makers of mothers bringing up disabled children for scientific justification of the family psychotherapy branches. Patients and methods: 60 mothers bringing up children of early age with infantile cerebral palsy and 50 mothers of children with compensation of perinatal affections of the central nervous system by the 1 life year are surveyed. Personal characteristics, family orientations of mothers, child and mother relations, awareness of mothers on the children health state and the attitude to their rehabilitation were studied by means of psychological techniques. Results: It is found out that the mothers bringing up disabled children more often have emotional disorders, negative attitude to divorce and give the leading role in a family to the husband less often they show hypoguardianship of the child than the mothers of children with compensation of perinatal affections of the central nervous system. Mothers are less satisfied with the child development, they are more often worried about disorders of development of movements, speech and mental development delay, small appetite of the child, they feel helplessness in rehabilitation more often, note the ambiguity of its prospects. They understand that their child needs the help of the qualified experts: neurologist, orthopaedist, logopedist, psychologist, but they aren't satisfied with communication with them more often, underestimate own role in rehabilitation. Conclusion: The revealed characteristics prove the necessity and define the main directions of family psychotherapy — correction of mother's emotional disorders, child and parental relations, increase of medical and psychological competence that allows to increase efficiency of rehabilitation.Цель исследования: установить психологические особенности матерей, воспитывающих детей-инвалидов, для научного обоснования направлений семейной психотерапии. Пациенты и методы. Обследовано 60 матерей, воспитывающих детей раннего возраста с детским церебральным параличом, и 50 матерей детей с компенсацией перинатальных поражений центральной нервной системы к 1 году жизни. С помощью психологических методик изучали личностные особенности, семейные установки матерей, детско-материнские отношения, осведомленность матерей о состоянии здоровья детей и отношение к их реабилитации. Результаты: установлено, что у матерей, воспитывающих детей-инвалидов, чаще, чем у матерей детей с компенсацией перинатальных поражений центральной нервной системы, выявляются эмоциональные нарушения, отрицательное отношение к разводу и предоставление мужу ведущей роли в семье, реже встречается гипоопека ребенка. Матери менее удовлетворены развитием ребенка, их чаще беспокоят нарушения развития движений, отставание в речевом и психическом развитии, плохой аппетит ребенка, они чаще испытывают беспомощность в реабилитации, отмечают неясность ее перспектив. Они понимают, что их ребенок нуждается в помощи квалифицированных специалистов: невролога, ортопеда, логопеда, психолога, но чаще не удовлетворены общением с ними, недооценивают собственную роль в реабилитации. Выводы: выявленные особенности обосновывают необходимость и определяют основные направления семейной психотерапии — коррекция эмоциональных нарушений у матери, детско-родительских отношений, повышение медицинской и психологической компетенции, что позволяет повысить эффективность реабилитации

Structure and dielectric properties of a layered composite of barium titanate – barium ferrite

The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of a constant magnetic field on the dispersion of the complex permittivity of a layered composite (connectivity 2-2) based on barium titanate – barium ferrite. It is shown that in the manufacture of a magnetoelectric composite of barium titanate – barium ferrite with a connectivity of 2-2, a strong diffusion of iron appears into the barium titanate ceramic layer at the interface between the two materials. It was found that iron penetrates evenly, with random deviations, and no exponential decline as iron enters into barium titanate is observed. It has been established that a constant magnetic field does not affect the dielectric characteristics in an alternating electric field at frequencies above 1600 Hz. At lower frequencies, annealing in the paraelectric phase increases the resistance of the sample, and subsequent exposure to a constant magnetic field leads to its decrease. It was revealed that changing the type of connectivity of the magnetoelectric composite from 0-3 to 2-2 adds additional, smaller, resonance and antiresonance peaks in the study of piezoelectric properties by the resonance-antiresonance method. At the same time, the samples have sufficient values of the piezoelectric modulus for practical application (d31 > 40·10-12 C/N; d33 > 120·10-12 C/N)

Characteristics in early diagnosis of ovarian masses

A.V. Smirnova1,2, A.I. Malyshkina1,2, E.P. Khrushkova2 1Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Federation 2V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Motherhood and Childhood, Ivanovo, Russian Federation Aim: to identify clinical and anamnestic risk factors for ovarian masses (OM), as well as to clarify the significance of various diagnostic criteria in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC). Patients and Methods: a retrospective analysis of 50 cases of patients with OM was conducted. The following groups were formed: the main group (50 patients with OM) and the control group — practically healthy female subjects (32 patients). Retrospectively, depending on the results concerning histology of the removed surgical material, the main group was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1 — 37 patients with benign OM, subgroup 2 — 13 patients with borderline and malignant OM. The patterns of the anamnesis, the level of the Ca-125 tumor marker, the values of the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI), and the tumor histology structure were assessed. Results: during the study, it was found that in patients with OM, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), urinary system (24%), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), as well as menstrual disorders of various types and uterine fibroids (p&lt;0.05) are more common. The incidence of gynecologic cancer in the family history is also significantly higher in patients with OM vs. the control group (36% and 3%, respectively, p&lt;0.05). Elevated Ca-125 values were noted both in the group with benign ovarian masses and in the group with borderline and malignant ovarian tumors.it has been established that the main risk factors for the OC development are diseases of GIT (Odds Ratio (OR) 2,09) and urinary system (OR 1,53), genetic predisposition to cancer of the reproductive organs (OR 1,86), menstrual disorder (OR 1,86), uterine fibroids (OR 1,74) and a history of PID (OR 1,83). Conclusion: despite a large number of studies devoted to the problem of OC early diagnosis, there is still no reliable criterion with high sensitivity and specificity. Female patients with postmenopause and adverse ultrasound criteria should have high oncological alarm of doctors, even with low values of the Ca-125 oncological marker. Keywords: ovarian tumors, neoplasms, ovarian cancer, risk factors, Ca-125, malignancy index RMI. For citation: Smirnova A.V., Malyshkina A.I., Khrushkova E.P. Characteristics in early diagnosis of ovarian masses. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2023;6(2):105–111 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-2-105-111. </p

The effect of tellurium vapor on the structure formation and dielectric properties of a multicomponent system based on sodium-potassium niobate

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of paratellurite vapor during sintering on the dielectric properties of a multicomponent system based on sodium–potassium niobate ceramics (mKNN) with the general formula (Na0,5K0,49Li0,05Sr0,05)(Nb0,9Ta0,05Ti0,05)O3. The inclusion of paratellurite in mKNN ceramics changes the shape and increases the grain size by an order of magnitude. Thus, if grains containing only mKNN material have a cubic shape, then the presence of tellurium leads to the formation of grains in the form of sufficiently long tubes (when the length is several times greater than the diameter) with a porous internal structure. The addition of TeO2 to the mKNN composition leads to the disappearance of the maximum observed for mKNN on the temperature dependence of the permittivity in the region of 220-250°C, which corresponds to a nonferroelectric structural phase transition in KNN ceramics, and to smoothing the resonant- antiresonant peak in the range of 5-15 MHz, which appears in the KNN system with the introduction of modifiers

Characteristics of the pelvic organ dysfunctions in patients before and after genital prolapse surgery

A.V. Smirnova1,2, A.I. Malyshkina1,2, I.A. Kolganova2, N.V. Shekhlova2, Z.S. Abdullaeva2 1Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Federation 2V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood, Ivanovo, Russian Federation Background: descent of pelvic organs (genital prolapse, GP) of different severity is a significant medical and social problem. The key clinical manifestations in patients with GP comprise the impairment of pelvic organ functions which seriously affects the social adaptation of such patients. Aim: to assess specific clinical characteristics of the functional disorders of pelvic organs in patients with GP admitted for surgical treatment and to review changes in symptoms over time after surgery. Patients and Methods: a non-randomized prospective cohort study was carried out. The study group included 40 patients with different forms of GP, Grades II-IV under POP-Q classification system. All patients were interviewed before and 6 months after the surgical treatment using a new short version of PFDI-20 Questionnaire. Results: urinations disorders with a duration shorter than one year were reported in 19 (47%) women, from 1 year to 5 years — in 13 (32,5%), from 5 to 10 years — in 1 (2,5%), and in 4 (10%) women the symptoms lasted for more than 10 years. It was found that 12 (30%) of the interviewed women suffered from constipation, and 11 (27.5%) of patients had the feeling of incomplete defecation. Twelve (30%) patients complained of fecal and flatus incontinence. Six months after the operation, 7 (17.5%) patients mentioned some pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen. Urination disorders (urine dribble and incontinence, urethrodynia). Flatus incontinence remained in 3 (7.5) of the studied patients. Conclusion: GP reduces women’s quality of life and social adaptation. Urination disorder is a principal symptom of the pelvic dysfunction. Since in 70% of women the time period from onset of first symptoms to surgical treatment exceeds 10 years, this timeframe can be used as a therapeutic window for conducting conservative therapy to correct prolapse at the outpatient stage. Keywords: descent of genitalia, genital prolapse, dysfunction of pelvic organs, dysuria, surgical treatment, vaginal delivery. For citation: Smirnova A.V., Malyshkina A.I., Kolganova I.A. et al. Characteristics of the pelvic organ dysfunctions in patients before and after genital prolapse surgery. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(3):194–200 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-3-194-200. </p

Risk factors and prediction chart of violations of health of the one-year-olds born with very low and extremely low birth weight

The study revealed biological and social risk factors for the formation of life of the one-year-olds such as the low length, deficit of body weight, delay of mental development, frequent acute respiratory infections, the formation of cerebral palsy in children born with very low and extremely low birth weight. In identifying risk factors and prognostic drafting tables the method of sequential mathematical analysis of Wald has been used. It was found that the greatest influence on the formation of these health disorders in children with birth weight less than 1500g have the biological risk factors – health status and age of the mother, during pregnancy and childbirth, the child's health condition in the neonatal period. An algorithm for predicting the data of health disorders in the child's admission with a birth weight less than 1500 grams under the supervision of the district pediatrician

Формы недостаточности развивающейся плаценты при ранних самопроизвольных абортах: патоморфологические и функциональные критерии

The aim of the study is to identify forms of morphofunctional insufficiency in the developing components of the placenta in spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy, and to propose a new classification. Material and methods. A study was conducted of the scrapings and blood samples from the uterine cavities of 30 patients who experienced sudden miscarriage between 5-12 weeks of gestation, and of 30 patients with physiologically progressing pregnancies interrupted by surgical abortion. Pathomorphological studies of endometrial biopsies, immunohistochemical analyses of vascular endothelial (VEGFA) and transformative (TGF-β2) growth factors in chorionic villus and stromal endometrial cells, and immunodiffusion analysis of glycodelin content in the uterine blood from the day of uterine evacuation were performed. Results. In spontaneous abortions in early stages of gestation, structural changes were revealed. They were manifested by delayed growth and villous differentiation, superficial invasion of the non-villous trophoblast, reduction of the villous trophoblast, incomplete differentiation of stromal cells, incomplete secretory transformation of glands, insufficient conversion of spiral arteries, as well as functional disorders, including imbalance of vascular-endothelial and transforming growth factors, and low content of glycodelin in the blood from the uterine cavity. These observations lead to the identity of three forms of structural and functional insufficiency in the early stages of placental development: trophoblastic, endometrial and mixed. Conclusion. Diagnosis of selected forms of structural and functional insufficiency of the forming placenta in early stages of gestation is necessary in obstetric and gynecological practice to identify the causes of early reproductive mortality, and for pregravidary preparation in the planning of subsequent pregnancy.Цель исследования - определение форм морфофункциональной недостаточности в развивающихся компонентах плаценты в ранние сроки беременности при самопроизвольных абортах и предложение их новой классификации. Материал и методы. Исследованы соскобы и пробы крови из полости матки у 30 пациенток с самопроизвольным выкидышем в сроки беременности 5-12 нед и у 30 пациенток с физиологически протекающей беременностью, прерванной путем хирургического аборта. Проведены патоморфологическое исследование биоптатов эндометрия, иммуногистохимический анализ сосудисто-эндотелиального (VEGF-A) и трансформирующего (TGF-β) факторов роста в ворсинчатом хорионе и стромальных клетках эндометрия, иммунодиффузионный анализ содержания гликоделина в крови из полости матки в день ее опорожнения. Результаты. При самопроизвольных абортах в ранние сроки гестации выявлены структурные изменения, проявляющиеся задержкой роста и дифференцировки ворсин, поверхностной инвазией вневорсинчатого и редукцией ворсинчатого трофобласта, незавершенной дифференцировкой стромальных клеток, неполноценной секреторной трансформацией желез, недостаточной спирализацией артерий, а также функциональные нарушения с дисбалансом сосудисто-эндотелиального и трансформирующего факторов роста и низким содержанием гликоделина в крови из полости матки, которые позволили выделить три формы структурно-функциональной недостаточности в формирующейся плаценте ранних сроков: трофобластическую, эндометриальную и смешанную. Заключение. Диагностика выделенных форм структурно-функциональной недостаточности формирующейся плаценты в ранние сроки гестации необходима в акушерско-гинекологической практике для выявления причин ранних репродуктивных потерь и прегравидарной подготовки при планировании последующей беременности