The first dozen years of the history of ITEP Theoretical Physics Laboratory

The theoretical investigations at ITEP in the years 1945-1958 are reviewed. There are exposed the most important theoretical results, obtained in the following branches of physics: 1) the theory of nuclear reactors on thermal neutrons; 2) the hydrogen bomb project ("Tube" in USSR and "Classical Super" in USA); 3) radiation theory; ~4) low temperature physics; 5) quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theories; 6) parity violation in weak interactions, the theory of $\beta$-decay and other weak processes; 7) strong interaction and nuclear physics. To the review are added the English translations of few papers, originally published in Russian, but unknown (or almost unknown) to Western readers.Comment: 55 pages, 5 fig

Thermal and Electromagnetic Processes on Contacts of Electrodynamic Accelerator.

Abstract: The analysis of processes, running on the contact surfaces of electromagnetic accelerator of a railgun type in the process of armature launch up to high and super - high velocities, has been executed. The review of literary data has been brought. The results of experimental studies of erosion on railgun contacts, which make possible to judge about running processes, has been brought. The numerical simulation of processes, running on the contacts of so called muzzle - fed railgun, has been executed. The cycle of two - dimensional calculations, as well as mediated experimental results, have demonstrated a principle possibility of essential increasing a critical velocity to the account of using the material with anisotropic electric conductivity.Note: Research direction:Mathematical modelling in actual problems of science and technic