Proton Extraction from IHEP Accelerator Using Bent Crystals

IHEP Protvino has pioneered the wide practical use of bent crystals as optical elements in high-energy beams for beam extraction and deflection on permanent basis since 1989. In the course of IHEP experiments, crystal channeling has been developed into efficient instrument for particle steering at accelerators, working in predictable, reliable manner with beams of very high intensity over years. Crystal systems extract 70 GeV protons from IHEP main ring with efficiency of 85% at intensity of 1.E12, basing on multi-pass mechanism of channeling proposed theoretically and realised experimentally at IHEP. Today, six locations on the IHEP 70-GeV main ring of the accelerator facility are equipped by crystal extraction systems, serving mostly for routine applications rather than for research and allowing a simultaneous run of several particle physics experiments, thus significantly enriching the IHEP physics program. The long successful history of large-scale crystal exploitation at IHEP should help to incorporate channeling crystals into accelerator systems worldwide in order to create unique systems for beam delivery. We report recent results from the research and exploitation of crystal extraction systems at IHEP.Comment: Invited talk at the International workshop "Relativistic Channeling and Related Coherent Phenomena", Frascati (Rome) 23-26 March 200

The Realities of Language Conversions

Billions of lines that have been written in COBOL, PL/I and other old programming languages are still in active use. Many commercial efforts to convert these languages to more modern languages have been started. However, few successful results have been achieved so far, which makes one wonder about the reasons why. This paper aims to shed light on the realities of language conversions and discusses some of the possibilities and limitations of automated language converters. We argue that the difficulties of source-to-source conversion are manifold and grossly underestimated. We illustrate that it is very challenging to resolve the intricate problems connected to language conversions. Categories and Subject Description: D.2.6 [Software Engineering]: Programming Environments---Interactive; D.2.7 [Software Engineering]: Distribution and Maintenance ---Restructuring; D.3.4. [Processors]: Parsing. Additional Key Words and Phrases: Reengineering, System renovation, Software renovat..

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ БОЛЕЗНИ ПАРКИНСОНА И БРУКСИЗМА

This article aims to address the relationship between Parkinson's disease and bruxism. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases has not been fully studied, due to the alleged polytelogenicity of these conditions, in particular stress factors and dopamine metabolic disturbances, a high probability of their mutual development is possible. Through a review of the literature, an analysis of these pathologies was made and an assumption was made about the possible connection between these diseases.В данной статье ставится задача рассмотреть взаимосвязь между болезнью Паркинсона и бруксизмом. Хотя этиологии и патогенезы этих заболеваний до конца не изучены, за счёт предполагаемой полиэтилогичности этих состояний, в частности стрессовых факторов и нарушения обмена дофамина, возможна высокая вероятность их взаимного развития. Посредством обзора литературы был совершен анализ данных патологий и приведено предположение о возможной связи этих заболеваний