99 research outputs found
ΠΠΠ Π Π£ΠΠ¦ΠΠ―: Π Π§ΠΠ Π’ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ«?
In the article from positions of the system approach one of the threats to world civilizations - corruption; on the basis of insight into the history of the world draws conclusions for the present. The authors attempt to prove the systematic corruption, highlighted specific features. Identified ways of implementing a systematic approach to combating corruption in the Russian Federation.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ· ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ - ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΡΠΈΡ; Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SEX AND TYPE OF MUSCLES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY DEFECTS IN TURKEY MEAT AFTER THE SLAUGHTER
The defects in the quality of the processed meat lead to economic losses of enterprises. With an increase in the share of meat of the turkey sent to the production of meat products, the study of its technological properties becomes an urgent problem. Until now, data on the amount of domestic turkey meat with quality defects have not been collected. In this regard, the pH and microstructure of turkey meat were studied during maturation, which showed that the raw materials that goes through processing had significant quality deviations, which were based on some intravital factors. Thus, the carcasses of turkey cocks with pH20 below 5.6; from 5.6 to 5.9; above 5.9 were, respectively, 26%, 47% and 26% of their total. The carcasses of turkey hens were only divided into two groups: the carcasses with pH20 below 5.6-80%; from 5.6 to 5.9 - only 20%. The histological studies made it possible to describe in detail the nature of autolytic changes in the microstructure of the muscular tissue of pectoral and femoral muscles and confirmed the effect of poultry stress on the formation of technological properties of meat during maturation. The meat of turkey hens, especially pectoral muscles, was most susceptible to the development of quality defects. The presence of overcontraction knots and bands testified to the severity. The study showed that the problem of defects in the quality of turkey meat requires an increase in the responsible attitude towards the compliance with the technologies of poultry pre-slaughtering
Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ : ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅
Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ β Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β«ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΒ» ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β«ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ», ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ MBΠ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠ±Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Β», ΠΈ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
It is necessary to understand both origins and an actual level of strategic audit development in private and public sectors in order to arrange a system audit. In this article, a basic unity of strategic and other audit types has been investigated.ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π² Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°
Newly detected haul-out of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) on Yamal Peninsula has become the biggest in the Kara Sea
Atlantic walruses (OdobenusΒ rosmarusΒ rosmarus) are still poorly studied in the easternmost part of their range, especially in the Kara Sea. Therefore, any new data from this region on the biology and ecology of the subspecies are highly important. In autumn 2019, the largest coastal assemblage of walruses ever found in the Kara Sea was observed on the northwestern coast of the Yamal Peninsula. This assemblage was surveyed using a drone-mounted digital camera (from 5Β m in altitude) on 17 October 2019. The herd comprised 1062 (Β± 17Β SE) walruses. Approximately one-sixth of the assemblage consisted of dependent calves (0β2 years old), one-sixth consisted of mature bulls, one-third consisted of independent immature animals, and one-third consisted of mature females and young (mature) males. A considerable but not estimated number of walruses was also observed in nearshore water. Satellite imagery and an opportunistic visit to the site revealed that walruses used this haul-out from mid-September until at least the end of October. Satellite tracking of two tagged walruses showed that animals stayed within 200Β km of the coastline in shallow water (not deeper than 20β25Β m) throughout their tracking periods (8 and 9Β days). In addition to the main haul-out, three more sites on this part of the Yamal Peninsula coast were identified as areas where walruses came ashore. These new abundance and distribution data from the Kara Sea add significantly to our knowledge regarding Atlantic walruses in this region. Considering the rapid and large-scale industrial development in the region, proactive measures should be taken to protect key walrus habitats in the Yamal Peninsula area. Β© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
ΠΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ° II ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ
The article is devoted to the analysis of liberal reforms of Alexander II. A special place is given to the development of parliamentarism, the creation of an effective system of independent financial control. The retrospective view in the era of Alexander II is compared with the analysis of modern liberal transformations. And this comparison, alas, is not in favor of the current liberal reformers. The effectiveness of the transformation initiated by Alexander II, confirmed by time. Many of his initiatives have not lost their relevance in modern conditions.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ° II. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. Π Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
Ρ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠ° II ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ²Ρ, Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°Π» -ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ II, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The article reveals the main directions of the state policy of regional development of Russia. It is concluded that, despite the measures taken, the adoption of regulatory legal documents of strategic importance, the horizon of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation today continues to remain uncertain: significant socio-economic differences do not decrease, but increase, problems remain in regional and intraregional labor markets, disparities in the standard of living of the population of the regions increase. It is proved that innovations do not automatically improve the quality of life of the population of regions. To this end, a scientifically sound strategy for the integrated development of the subjects of the Russian Federation is needed.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ: Π½Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π°, ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
The article discusses the problems and prospects of digitalization of air transport enterprises. The specific examples of Aeroflot Russian Airlines PJSC and other airlines reveal the advantages of new digital technologies. A special place is given to scientific support for the development of air transport enterprises in the digital economy. The state of the regulatory framework governing the activities of civil aviation of the Russian Federation is analyzed. A system of the main directions of scientific research and practical measures to improve the management of civil aviation enterprises, ensure flight safety, and develop the domestic aviation industry is proposed. An important place in the article is given to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in a segregated and unified (integrated) airspace of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is drawn about the inadmissibility of a haphazard approach to the digital transformation of airspace.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡ - ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠΠ‘) ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ (ΠΠΠ‘) Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ) Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°
ΠΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
Polyethylene films containing 0.1-1.5% of mass of n-SiΠ‘ and n-Si nanoparticles have been produced by the extrusion method. Using the spectral analysis method, it was found that the obtained films absorb UV radiation in the range 200-400 nm, which is harmful to organic substance. The average particle sizes and the quality of their dispersion in the films were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Using differential scanning calorimetry and physical and mechanical tests, it was found that nanoparticles did not affect the formation of the internal structure of the matrix polyethylene. The degree of crystallinity, the melting point and crystallization remain unchanged. The properties of the film surface, studied by the tribological, triboelectric methods and the determination of the wetting angle, remain constant and do not differ from the properties of PE films with nanoparticle content 0.1-1%. At 1.5% n-SiC content, a change in the surface microrelief is diagnosed, leading to a slight increase in the friction coefficient of the films. The polyethylene films filled with n-SiΠ‘ and n-Si obtained in this work are recommended for use as UV protective coatings for various purposes.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ 0,1-1,5% (ΠΌΠ°Ρ.) Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ n-SiΠ‘ ΠΈ n-Si, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π£Π€-ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 200-400 Π½ΠΌ, Π³ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π° (ΠΠ) ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π° ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΠ-ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ 0,1 Π΄ΠΎ 1%. ΠΡΠΈ 1,5% ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ n-SiΠ‘ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ n-SiΠ‘ ΠΈ n-Si ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π£Π€ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
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