Industrial smelting tests and organization of production of ferrosilicon aluminum (FSA) in Kazakhstan

Results of the industrial tests on production development of ferrosilicon aluminum alloy are showed. The made tests on smelting of ferrosilicon aluminum in electric furnaces with 1,2, 5 and 9 MVA showed a basic possibility to receive alloy of FS55А15, FS55А20 and FS65А10 grades with using of the carbonaceous raw materials in Saryadyrsky and Ekibastuz coal fields. The optimum parameters of the smelting process of FS55А15, FS55А20 and FS65А10 alloys were defined at the Ekibastuz mini-plant and “KSP Steel” LLP. The average power consumption varied within the interval of 9,1 - 12 MWh per 1 ton of alloy depending on a smelting grade of alloy. Increase in aluminum content in alloy composition might be with the rising in ash level of carbonaceous raw materials. The smelting process is characterized with hot furnace condition and active release of alloy

Electrochemical Method for Producing a TiO2 Film with Photocatalytic Properties

The purpose of this work is to study the production process of titanium dioxide during anode polarization in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions. The studies were carried out by recording cyclic voltammogram and by measuring the titanium oxidation current with a change in the voltage between the electrodes. It has been established that with a change in the concentration of sulfuric acid in the range of 50–250 g/l and the voltage between the electrodes in the range of 0–25 V, the magnitude of the titanium oxidation current in-creases and reaches 29.4 mA. With an increase in the concentration of hydrochloric acid from 35 to 100 g/l and a change in the voltage between the electrodes, the titanium oxidation rate increases evenly, but in the voltage range of 10–12 V, a sharp increase in the current magnitude up to 360 mA is observed. A change in the oxidation current indicates an increase in the rate of titanium dissolution. With an increase in the duration of electrolysis, the magnitude of the anode current generally decreases. In all probability, at a voltage of 14 V and higher, a breakdown of the oxide semiconductor film of titanium dioxide is observed in the hydrochloric acid solution. In this regard, a noticeable dissolution of titanium occurs and, subsequently, an oxide film is not produced, but titanium ions are produced. Visual observations have shown that titanium passes into solu-tion in the form of titanium (IV)

Synthesis and Microwave Absorption Properties of (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/CI/CB) Ternary Composites

In this work, ternary composites of NiZn ferrite/carbonyl iron/carbon black (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/CI/CB) were prepared via two stages. Firstly, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 was prepared by a self-combustion method using sucrose as a fuel. After that, the operation was continued via mixing CB, CI, and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 through grinding balls. Three various weight ratios of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/CI/CB (1:1:1, 1:1:2, and 2:1:1) with various thicknesses (2–4–6 mm) were prepared. The absorbers were prepared by dispersing (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/CI/CB) composites with a weight ratio within a paraffin wax matrix of 40 % w/w. X-ray diffractometry and FTIR spectroscopy were used in order to characterize the samples. The morphology of the powders was investigated by SEM. The functional characterization was accomplished by measuring the microwave absorption properties in the fre-quency band of 8.8–12 GHz. The microwave absorption materials (MAMs) showed wide bandwidths under –10 dB in the range of 2.81–3.20 GHz and reasonable surface density in the range of 3.625–4.041 kg/m2. The absorber of 3.20 GHz bandwidth had a minimal reflection loss of –19.4 dB at the matching frequency of 9.92 GHz with a thickness of 6 m

РАЗРАБОТКА ФЛОТОАППАРАТА С ВЫСОКОНАПОРНЫМ РОТАЦИОННЫМ ПУЛЬСАЦИОННЫМ АЭРАТОРОМ

An enlarged version of the flotation unit equipped with a high-pressure rotational pulsation aerator (HPRPA) was manufactured. Studies and tests were carried out using a refractory fine-grained gold-containing ore sample from one of Kazakhstan deposits. The experiment and practice of flotation using the HPRPA developed by the authors demonstrated that pressure fluctuations created by the aerator ensured the efficiency of the functional use of two periods: (1) dissolution of additional gases in the high-pressure compression period, which provides the aeration process with the necessary amount of dissolved gases; (2) pseudo-cavitational emission of gases in the medium rarefaction period, which ensures aeration with gas emission from the aqueous phase directly on hydrophobic mineral microparticles, i.e. selective flotation of microdispersions. The obtained results showed that ore flotation in the flotation unit equipped with the HPRPA lead to a very significant positive effect not only with regard to the extraction of metals, but also to the quality of obtained concentrates.Изготовлен укрупненный вариант флотоаппарата с высоконапорным ротационным пульсационным аэратором (ВРПА). Проведены исследования и испытания на труднообогатимой тонковкрапленной золотосодержащей пробе руды одного из месторождений Казахстана. Эксперимент и практика флотации с разработанным авторами ВРПА показали, что колебания давления, которые создаются аэратором, обеспечивают эффективность функционального использования двух периодов: (1) растворение дополнительного количества газов в высоконапорном периоде сжатия, что обеспечивает процесс аэрации необходимым количеством растворенных газов; (2) псевдокавитационное выделение газов в периоде разрежения среды, чем и обеспечивается аэрация с выделением газов из водной фазы непосредственно на гидрофобных минеральных микрочастицах, т.е. селективная флотация микродисперсий. Полученные результаты показали, что при флотации руды на флотоаппарате с ВРПА получен весьма существенный положительный эффект не только по извлечению металлов, но и по качеству получаемых концентратов

Some advanced materials from the rice processing waste and their application in various branches of industry and agriculture

The following method has been proposed for processing the rice hulls with producing some advanced materi-als. The solid product (silicacarbon) is a nanocomposite produced by nanoparticles of carbon and silicon dioxide with the size of 10–20 nm, which were present in the amorphous form. The product composition in % is as follows: С – 51–53; SiO2 – 37–39; hydrocarbon compounds – 8–9; inorganic elements impurities – 1–3. Silicacarbon proved to be advanced filler of alastomers and special carbon goods, sorbent and fodder sup-plement for the farm poultry; in addition this product can be used for producing crystal whiskers ß- SiC and polycrystalline silicon. The organic product (aqueous solution of carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, and spirits) is a high-selective collector, plant growth stimulant and an antiseptic agent. The production facility has been built up for producing 4.5 kg per hour of silicacarbon and 4.5 kg per hour of organic product. The advanced materials have tested in various branches of industry and agriculture. Technical and economic assessment has been made for the industrial-scale production of 1,000 tons of silica-carbon and 1,000 tons of organic product per year. The production profitability is 153%

Materiały węglowe z łupin ryżowych: produkcja i zastosowanie w przemyśle i rolnictwie

A solid carbonaceous material and a liquid product were produced by the rice husk pyrolysis. Chemical analysis and GC-MS were used to investigate the compositions of the prepared materials, respectively. X-ray, SEM, TEM, BET were applied to study the structure and textural properties of the carbonaceous material. It was determined that the solid product is a composite consisting of carbon (52%) and silicon dioxide (31%) nanoparticles. Therefore, it was named a silicon-carbon. The liquid product is a water solution containing various organic compounds (carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, alcohols and ethers, cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds). The possibility to apply the solid carbonaceous material as a reducing agent and a sorbent and the liquid organic product as a flotation reagent was determined in the electro thermal smelting process, sorption and flotation processes. Veterinary and toxicology studies were performed to estimate toxicity of solid carbonaceous material and possibility to apply it as a feed additive. It was shown, that due to its chemical composition the silicon-carbon is a complex raw material for metallurgical silicon, aluminum-free and titanium-free ferrosilicium, and silicon carbide production. The produced sorbent had high rare and heavy metals adsorption capacity. The solid carbonaceous material, that was found to be non-toxic, was an effective feed additive and improved quality of laying hens and broiler chickens. The liquid product had properties of a blowing agent in the flotation of lead-zinc ores. It was concluded that both rice husk derived solid and liquid carbonaceous materials are economically effective alternative materials for various technological processes and agriculture.Stały materiał węglowy i produkt płynny wytworzono prowadząc pirolizę łusek ryżu. Do zbadania składu otrzymanych materiałów wykorzystano odpowiednio analizę chemiczną i GC-MS. W celu zbadania struktury i budowy materiału węglowego zastosowano badania rentgenowskie, SEM, TEM i BET. Stwierdzono, że produkt stały jest kompozytem złożonym z węgla (52%) i nanocząstek dwutlenku krzemu (31%). Dlatego został nazwany krzemo-węglem. Produktem ciekłym był roztwór wodny zawierający różne związki organiczne (kwasy karboksylowe, fenole, ketony, alkohole i etery, cykliczne węglowodory alifatyczne, związki heterocykliczne). Zbadano możliwość nanoszenia stałego materiału węglowego jako środka redukującego i sorbentu, natomiast zastosowanie dla ciekłego produktu organicznego jako odczynnika flotacyjnego weryfikowano w procesie elektrotermicznego wytapiania oraz w procesach sorpcji i flotacji. Przeprowadzono również badania weterynaryjne i toksykologiczne w celu oceny toksyczności stałego materiału węglowego i możliwości jego zastosowania jako dodatku paszowego. Wykazano, że ze względu na skład chemiczny, krzemo-węgiel stanowi kompleksowy surowiec do produkcji metalurgicznego krzemu, węglika krzemu oraz żelazokrzemu bez dodatku glinu i tytanu. Produkowany sorbent miał dużą zdolność adsorpcji metali rzadkich i ciężkich. Stały materiał węglowy, który okazał się być nietoksyczny, był skutecznym dodatkiem do pasz poprawiając jakość kur niosek i brojlerów. Produkt ciekły wykazywał właściwości środka porotwórczego we flotacji rud ołowiu i cynku. Stwierdzono, że zarówno stały jak i ciekły materiał węglowy pochodzący z łupin ryżowych są ekonomicznie efektywnymi materiałami dla różnych procesów technologicznych i rolnictwa