Стратегии жителей региональных городов в практиках жилищного обустройства (на примере городов Кирова, Нижнего Новгорода и Казани)

Анализируются результаты авторского эмпирического исследования повседневных социально-экономических практик населения региональных городов Приволжского федерального округа по улучшению своих жилищных условий. Изучение поведения горожан в жилищной сфере необходимо для решения острейших социальных проблем, связанных с углубляющейся поляризацией населения, демографическим кризисом, трудовой миграцией. Авторы предприняли попытку выяснить, насколько включены в стратегии жилищного обустройства горожан легальные механизмы улучшения жилищных условий, оценить интенсивность и разнообразие жилищных планов и практик населения. Эмпирическим материалом исследования служат данные опроса жителей трех региональных городов методом маршрутизированного поквартирного интервью и серии из восьми открытых групповых дискуссий с различными категориями населения. С использованием методов многомерной статистики было выделено несколько групп горожан по критерию жилищных потребностей и практик их удовлетворения. Определены характерные стратегии поведения в жилищной сфере, которые обозначены как стратегия выживания (вынужденного либо мотивированного отказа от жилищного обустройства), стратегия обеспечения микрокомфорта и престижного потребления. В целом стратегии жилищного обустройства горожан коррелируют с экономическим развитием регионов и состоянием жилищного фонда, однако в каждом городе есть кластеры граждан, способные выступать "локомотивом" и "тормозом" развития жилищной сферы, что позволяет в дальнейшем проводить исследования с позиции жилищной стратификации. По результатам анализа прослеживается тенденция смены способов улучшения жилищных условий в сторону снижения патерналистстких ожиданий и увеличения доли рыночных приобретений с использованием помощи родственников, собственных накоплений и кредитных финансовых инструментов

Chemokines Genetic Variants are Associated with Parameters of Humoral Immunity of Patients with Chronic Glomerulonephritis

The authors researched associations of chemokines genes polymorphisms with parameters of humoral immunity of 238 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and 462 individuals of a control grou

Optical Absorption and Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Fluorinated Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Double-wall carbon nanotube (DWNT) samples have been fluorinated at room temperature with varied concentration of a fluorinating agent BrF3. Content of the products estimated from X-ray photoelectron data was equal to CF0.20 and CF0.29 in the case of deficit and excess of BrF3. Raman spectroscopy showed considerable decrease of carbon nanotube amount in the fluorinated samples. Analysis of optical absorption spectra measured for pristine and fluorinated DWNT samples revealed a selectivity of carbon nanotube fluorination. Nanotubes with large chiral angle are more inert to the fluorinating agent used

Factors influencingmicrobial transmission in a meat processing plant

The review paper examines the main risk factors for microbial contamination of meat at different stages of its processing. Particular emphasis has been placed on primary animal processing being the most hazardous in terms of microbial contamination of meat. Carcass cross-contamination most frequently occurs during skinning and evisceration since hides and the digestive tract are the primary sources of microbial pathogens. It is necessary to observe stringent sanitary and hygienic rules when performing these operations. Continuous cold chain management along all following stages of meat processing and control of the sanitary status of cold chambers during meat storage are of extreme importance. An increase in the microbial counts due to the high number of manual operations was observed during meat cutting, boning, and trimming. Subsequent stages of meat processing, including mincing, curing, the addition of spices, also promote significant microbial growth. Strict control regarding detection of dangerous pathogens, especially L. monocytogenes, is needed at this stage. In general, to minimize problems linked with meat and meat product safety, it is necessary to take timely measures on sanitary treatment of meat processing facilities, including the prevention of biofilm formation

Evaluating the effect of various types of disinfectants on bacterial biofilms

Biofilm formation on equipment surfaces is a potential food safety hazard, providing increased resistance and persistence of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food production environments. The issue of preventing the biofilm formation is extremely important, since a wide range of disinfectants does not always provide the proper effect. The article discusses the antimicrobial effectiveness of disinfectants with various active ingredients (based on active chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) with enzymatic substances) on binary biofilms. The objects of the study were the strains of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms isolated from abiotic surfaces of food production environments and food products. Different effects of disinfectants on biofilms formed by bacteria have been established. Disinfectant based on peracetic acid and chlorine had the greatest effect on binary biofilms of Brochothrix thermosphacta/Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus equorum/Salmonella spp. The greatest antimicrobial effect on biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes 12/Pseudomonas azotoformans 6 was shown by a chlorine-based disinfectant. Disinfectants based on chlorine and QAC with enzymatic substances were most effective against the binary biofilm of L. monocytogenes 12/Salmonella spp. 14. However, none of the disinfectants had absolute antimicrobial effectiveness against the studied binary biofilms. Biofilm-forming microorganisms have shown resistance to the recommended concentrations of disinfectants. Therefore, currently, it is extremely important to revise approaches to hygiene at enterprises by finding working concentrations of new antimicrobial agents and new procedure that are effective for destroying biofilms

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for fast detection of Campylobacter spp in meat food products and environmental objects of a processing plant’s

There is constant necessity of developing the accurate and fast methods for detection of foodborne pathogens. Microorganisms of Campylobacter genus are one of the main causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Fast identification of Campylobacter at all stages of the food life cycle is an efficient strategy to control foodborne campylobacteriosis. This article the authors evaluated a commercial loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system with bioluminescence, called as the 3M™ Molecular Detection Analysis (MDA), which was used to find Campylobacter in food products with the help of a certain standard method, which is referred to as the reference method. The results of this study showed that the commercial LAMP based method is as efficient as the reference method, and features high specificity and minimum determinability (sensitivity). The LAMP based method has been shown to be a fast and reliable method for detection of Campylobacter spp. scarce presence (10 CFU/25 g) in meat, meat products, as well as carcass swabs and production facilities’ environment. The LAMP analysis required about 24–27 hours to achieve a result. However the LAMP based method will facilitate the detection of Campylobacter, as it provides much easier and faster detection of Cam  pylobacter spp., including Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli, than standard microbiological methods. The LAMP based method is an efficient tool to prevent the spreading of Campylobacter spp. contamination in food products.There is constant necessity of developing the accurate and fast methods for detection of foodborne pathogens. Microorganisms of Campylobacter genus are one of the main causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Fast identification of Campylobacter at all stages of the food life cycle is an efficient strategy to control foodborne campylobacteriosis. This article the authors evaluated a commercial loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system with bioluminescence, called as the 3M™ Molecular Detection Analysis (MDA), which was used to find Campylobacter in food products with the help of a certain standard method, which is referred to as the reference method. The results of this study showed that the commercial LAMP based method is as efficient as the reference method, and features high specificity and minimum determinability (sensitivity). The LAMP based method has been shown to be a fast and reliable method for detection of Campylobacter spp. scarce presence (10 CFU/25 g) in meat, meat products, as well as carcass swabs and production facilities’ environment. The LAMP analysis required about 24–27 hours to achieve a result. However the LAMP based method will facilitate the detection of Campylobacter, as it provides much easier and faster detection of Cam  pylobacter spp., including Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli, than standard microbiological methods. The LAMP based method is an efficient tool to prevent the spreading of Campylobacter spp. contamination in food products

Evaluation of approaches to increase the effectiveness of various disinfectants against biofilm communities of different ages

Disinfectants are used as the main agents against microorganisms circulating on the surfaces of food enterprises. However, the adaptive ability of microorganisms to form biofilms complicates the process of surface cleaning and reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants. Modern disinfectants act against freely circulating microflora, but it is known that they are not always effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate effective disinfectant compositions with bactericidal effect on binary bacterial biofilms of different ages. The article describes the effects of disinfectants based on chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds with enzymes in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and increased several times on Salmonella 38, Brochothrix thermosphacta 2726 and Staphylococcus equorum 2736 planktonic cultures and binary biofilms. Binary biofilms of different ages (2 and 9 days old) were exposed to disinfectants with various active ingredients in combination with adjuvants, i. e. hydrogen peroxide 6% and various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (30%). All products in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer did not have a disinfectant effect against the studied biofilm cultures. As a result of the work, it was found that the most effective disinfectants against multispecies biofilms were quaternary ammonium compounds in combination with enzymes and chlorine in combination with isopropyl alcohol (30%). The results obtained allow to expand knowledge about effective methods for controlling biofilms.Disinfectants are used as the main agents against microorganisms circulating on the surfaces of food enterprises. However, the adaptive ability of microorganisms to form biofilms complicates the process of surface cleaning and reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants. Modern disinfectants act against freely circulating microflora, but it is known that they are not always effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate effective disinfectant compositions with bactericidal effect on binary bacterial biofilms of different ages. The article describes the effects of disinfectants based on chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds with enzymes in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and increased several times on Salmonella 38, Brochothrix thermosphacta 2726 and Staphylococcus equorum 2736 planktonic cultures and binary biofilms. Binary biofilms of different ages (2 and 9 days old) were exposed to disinfectants with various active ingredients in combination with adjuvants, i. e. hydrogen peroxide 6% and various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (30%). All products in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer did not have a disinfectant effect against the studied biofilm cultures. As a result of the work, it was found that the most effective disinfectants against multispecies biofilms were quaternary ammonium compounds in combination with enzymes and chlorine in combination with isopropyl alcohol (30%). The results obtained allow to expand knowledge about effective methods for controlling biofilms

Studying the Impact of the genetic polymorphisms of chemokines on the arterial pressure level and kidney function in patient with the chronic glomerulonephritis

It has been established that the genetic marker А I-TAC (rs 4512021) is the risk factor for genesis of the severe arterial hypertension at the chronic glomerulonephritis (OR=1,65) and the genotypes АА and AG I-TAC are the risk factors of depression of the kidney functio

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in meat products during 2017–2019 depending on technological factors and seasons

Microbiological examination of contamination of imported and domestic meat products with pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes depending on a meat type, technology and season was carried out during 2017–2019. In total, 2777 product samples were analyzed; the presence of this pathogen was revealed in 8.8% of products (244 positive samples). It was found that the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in meat products increased over three years of observation (2017–2019). The highest occurrence of this pathogen was found in poultry meat (on average 18.7%) followed by products from beef (13.2%). Meat products from mixed raw materials (beef and pork) accounted for 5.3% of tested samples, while in pork semi-finished products L. monocytogenes was found only in 3.2% of cases. It was noted that the technology of semi-finished products significantly affected the level of contamination of meat products with L. monocytogenes. Various technological approaches are used in the production process increasing the risk of contamination of the finished product since there is no timely data on Listeria contamination of raw materials used for production of a particular product. It has been established that a significant role in microbiological studies is played by various approaches to sample preparation of analyzed samples of meat cuts, semi-finished products in large and small pieces, as well as minced semi-finished products. Not knowing the real level of surface contamination with L. monocytogenes of carcasses, half-carcasses, semi-finished products in large pieces, manufacturers use such raw materials for the subsequent production of other types of semi-finished meat products, increasing the risk of manufacturing unsafe products with following contamination of equipment, work surfaces and other objects of the production environment. The highest occurrence of L. monocytogenes in meat products during three years of observation was found in the summer period (14.2%). The proportions of positive samples in the winter, spring and autumn months varied on average within 6.7–7.1%

Стандартные образцы для оптических наносенсорных систем: восстановленный глутатион и хлорамфеникол

The research provides enterprise reference material (ERM) development approach for nanosensor system on the basis of dynamic light scattering and fluorescence for qualitative and quantitative determination of nutrition pollutant - chloramphenicol antibiotic (laevomycetin), as well as marker of ischaemic stroke and a number of other diseases - reduced glutathione.ERM candidate materials were chosen chloramphenicol and reduced glutathione. The attestation procedure based on calculating-experimental approach by preparation procedure was used to determine the certified value of ERM. During the tests there were determined metrological characteristics of reference material. The certified value of ERM for reduced glutathione mass fraction is 98,5 %, the expanded uncertainty of certified value with coverage factor k=2 is ± 0,3 %. The certified value of ERM for chloramphenicol mass concentration is 10,0 g/dm3, the expanded uncertainty of certified value with coverage factor k = 2 is ± 4,0 %.The implementation of the developed ERMs showed their appropriateness for optic nanosensor systems calibration on the base of dynamic light scattering and fluorescence.We suppose that the developed enterprise reference materials further may be certified as CRM (certified reference material) and used for verification, calibration and graduation of compact detection devices of the «point of care diagnostics» type under development, which are intended for express analysis on the sampling site directly.В настоящей работе авторами статьи представлен подход по разработке стандартных образцов предприятия (СОП) для наносенсорной системы на основе динамического рассеяния света и флуоресценции для качественного и количественного определения загрязнителя пищевой продукции - антибиотика хлорамфеникола (левомицетина), а также маркера ишемического инсульта и ряда других заболеваний - восстановленного глутатиона. Материалами-кандидатами СОП были выбраны хлорамфеникол и восстановленный глутатион. Для установления аттестованного значения СОП использовали методику аттестации, основанную на расчетно-экспериментальном методе по процедуре приготовления. В ходе исследования определены метрологические характеристики стандартного образца. Аттестованное значение массовой доли СОП восстановленного глутатиона - 98,5 %, расширенная неопределенность аттестованного значения при коэффициенте охвата k=2 составляет ± 0,3 %. Аттестованное значение массовой концентрации СОП хлорамфеникола - 10,0 г/дм3, расширенная неопределенность аттестованного значения при коэффициенте охвата k=2±4,0 %. Применение разработанных СОП показало их пригодность для калибровки оптических наносенсорных систем на основе динамического рассеяния света и флуоресценции. Предполагается, что разработанные стандартные образцы предприятия в дальнейшем также могут быть аттестованы в качестве стандартного образца утвержденного типа и быть использованы для поверки, калибровки, градуировки разрабатываемых компактных детектирующих устройств типа «point of care diagnostics», предназначенных для экспресс-анализа непосредственно на месте взятия пробы