Development of method of matched morphological filtering of biomedical signals and images

Formalized approach to the analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features is developed on the basis of matched morphological filtering taking into account the useful signal models that allowed generalizing the existing methods of digital processing and analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features. The proposed matched morphological filter has been adapted to solve such problems as localization of the searched structural elements on biomedical signals with locally concentrated features, estimation of the irregular background aimed at the visualization quality improving of biological objects on X-ray biomedical images, pathologic structures selection on mammogram. The efficiency of the proposed methods of matched morphological filtration of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features is proved by experiments

Coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients after coronary stenting, depending on a cardiology follow-up strategy

Aim. To compare the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in patients after coronary stenting (CS) receiving outpatient and remote cardiology follow-up during a one-year study.Material and methods. We enrolled 279 patients aged 61,5±9,5 years with class ≥II stable angina or silent ischemia after CS. Three groups were formed: group 1 (n=96) — outpatient visits before CS, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after CS. Group 2 (n=95) — remote monitoring: patients were followed up by a primary care physician with the involvement of a cardiologist via remote communication (e-mail, telephone, Skype) 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after CS. Group 3 (n=88) were followed up by a primary care physician and contacted with the study coordinator before and 12 months after CS. After 12 months, all patients underwent stress-induced myocardial ischemia testing. In case of a positive or uncertain test result, coronary angiography (CA) was performed.Results. Stress-induced myocardial ischemia 12 months after CS was verified in 58 patients (21%): 19 patients (19,8%) — group 1; 9 patients (9,5%) — group 2; 30 patients (34,1%) — group 3 (p<0,05). Repeat CA was performed in 96 patients (34,4% of the total number of patients). Restenosis was detected in 8 (2,9%) patients, coronary atherosclerosis progression — in 38 (13,6%), combination of restenosis and atherosclerosis progression — in 4 (1,4%) patients. Coronary atherosclerosis progression was significantly more frequent in group 3: 10,4%, 9,5% and 21,6% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p<0,05). The incidence of stent restenosis was comparable: 2,1%, 3,2% and 3,5% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Coronary atherosclerosis progression was the main reason for repeated revascularizations 12 months after the CS. Outpatient and remote cardiology follow-up is associated with a lower incidence of coronary atherosclerosis progression and repeated CA during 12-month follow-up after CS

Совершенствование инфраструктуры аэропортов гражданской авиации с учетом проектирования организаций по техническому обслуживанию воздушных судов

Air transport is of the essence in providing conditions for the effective performance of modern economic paradigm. Operating airlines, the subjects of the Russian Federation and the State as a whole, are equally interested in the development of air transportation system infrastructure. Civil aviation ensures the transport system integrated safety and stability, the relationship of regions and human settlements, especially Siberia, the North and the Far East regions. Over the post-Soviet period in the Russian Federation, the volume of passenger and cargo operations has decreased significantly, air transport linkages between regions have been lost. Such a passenger and cargo operations-related situation has occurred with heavy traffic congestion in the country’s hubs and does not allow the Russian Federation air transportation system to develop comprehensively and harmoniously. A detailed assessment of the country's civil aviation infrastructure will enable experts to put forward proposals for the air transport system modernization and development. Working space of aircraft maintenance organizations is an integral part among air transport infrastructure facilities. In order to conduct aeronautical equipment maintenance, it is necessary to have engineering and manufacturing objects, hangars and areas to accommodate and store maintenance facilities, equipment (general, individual, specialpurpose), consumables, premises for planning and dispatching departments, space to accommodate served aircraft, their components, etc. In addition, depending on the number of served aircraft types, the air transportation volume and regular pattern, the calculation of workforce and means of engineering and aviation support is essential. These issues require in-depth development on the basis of a scientific approach using the simulation modeling methods.Воздушный транспорт играет существенную роль в обеспечении условий для эффективного функционирования современной экономики. В развитии инфраструктуры авиационно-транспортной системы одинаково заинтересованы авиаперевозчики, субъекты Российской Федерации и государство в целом. Гражданская авиация обеспечивает комплексную безопасность и устойчивость транспортной системы, взаимосвязь регионов и населенных пунктов, особенно районов Сибири, Севера и Дальнего Востока. За постсоветское время в Российской Федерации существенно сократился объем пассажирских и грузовых перевозок, были утрачены авиатранспортные связи между регионами. Такое положение с пассажирскими и грузовыми перевозками создалось при значительной концентрации транспортных потоков в узловых аэропортах страны и не позволяет авиатранспортной системе Российской Федерации развиваться всесторонне и гармонично. Комплексная оценка инфраструктуры гражданской авиации страны позволит разработать предложения по модернизации и развитию авиационно-транспортной системы. Важное место среди объектов инфраструктуры воздушного транспорта занимают производственные помещения организаций по техническому обслуживанию воздушных судов. Для выполнения технического обслуживания авиационной техники необходимы производственно-технологические сооружения, ангары и площадки для размещения и хранения средств технического обслуживания, инструмент (общий, индивидуальный, специальный), расходные материалы; помещения планово-диспетчерских отделов; площади для размещения обслуживаемых воздушных судов, их компонентов и др. Кроме того, в зависимости от количества типов обслуживаемых летательных аппаратов, интенсивности и регулярности авиаперевозок необходим расчет сил и средств инженерно-авиационного обеспечения. Эти вопросы требуют детальной проработки на основе научного подхода, в том числе с использованием методов имитационного моделирования

Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the blood content of INFγ-producing T-helpers 17 (Th17/1) in males with premature coronary artery disease

Aim. To analyze the relationship of blood lipid profile parameters, including the level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and the content of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes with premature coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 76 men aged 40 to 79 years. Patients were divided into following groups: main group — patients with CAD (58 [54;64] years, n=56) onset before the age of 55; control group — patients (62 [57;66] years, n=20) without CAD and obstructive CAD and peripheral arterial disease. Statins were taken by 51 (91%) and 9 (45%) patients in the main and control groups, respectively. In serum and plasma samples, lipid spectrum parameters and Lp(a) concentration were determined. Cellular phenotyping was performed by direct immunofluorescence in a culture of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from blood. To determine cytokines, cells were in vitro activated with inhibitor of intracellular transport of secretory proteins. Cell fluorescence was determined using flow cytometry.Results. Patients of both groups were comparable in age, body mass index, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Blood Lp(a) concentrations were higher in the CAD group than in the control group (49 [10;102] mg/dL vs 12 [4,3;32] mg/ dL, p<0,05). The content of INFγ-producing T-helpers 17 (Th17/1) was also higher in the CAD group (19 [15;24] vs 13 [11;22], % of Th17, p=0,05). Logistic regression revealed that elevated Lp(a) levels (≥30 mg/dL) and relative amounts of Th17/1 (>14% of Th17) independently of each other, atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, classical risk factors, and statin use were associated with premature CAD in the general group of patients with odds ratio (OR) of 4,6 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,1-20,2) and 10,9 (2,1-56,7), p<0,05, respectively. The combination of Lp(a) >30 mg/dl and Th17/1 over 14% significantly increased the risk of premature CAD (OR, 28,0, 95% CI, 4,31-181,75, p=0,0005).Conclusion. We have shown for the first time that an increased Lp(a) concentration with an increased Th17/1 content is associated with the premature CAD in men

Значение количественной ЭЭГ в интерпретации бензодиазепинового теста у больных в вегетативном состоянии

Using the multiparameter method of EEG analysis with a complex study of coherent interband links with topographic mapping and localization of equivalent dipole sources of individual EEG components, characteristic signs of changes in intercentral neuronal connections at different stages of a vegetative state were obtained, features of structural and functional interrelations for patients in a vegetative state in benzodiazepine test interpretation of which identification can represent and interest for the output prediction and selection of adequate therapy.Основной целью проведения бензодиазепинового теста у больных в вегетативном состоянии является поиск прогностически значимых показателей ЭЭГ для оценки функционального состояния мозга. С использованием многопараметрического метода анализа ЭЭГ с комплексным исследованием когерентных межзональных связей с топографическим картированием и локализацией эквивалентных дипольных источников отдельных ЭЭГ-составляющих получены характерные признаки изменений межцентральных нейрональных связей, на разных стадиях вегетативного состояния, получены характерные признаки изменений межцентральных нейрональных связей характерных для вегетативного состояния на фоне болюсного введения диазепама

Local cytokine levels as prognostic factors for early relapse of non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma

The aim of our study is to assess the local cytokine levels as prognostic factors for early relapse in NMIBC patients. 75 patients with NMIBC were enrolled in the study: 51 with primary NMIBC and 24 with initially recurrent NMIBC, LG and HG tumors were diagnosed in each group. Patients with primary NMIBC were monitored during 9 months after treatment: TURB and chemotherapy (No. 6). During TURB samples of tumors were taken, supernatants were obtained and tissue cytokine levels were measured (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-8) by ELISA test. The results showed that in patients with primary NMIBC early relapses were diagnosed in 15 (46.8%) of LG tumors and in 11 (45%) of HG tumors matching that there was no difference depending upon tumor grade. In initially recurrent tumors of both LG and HG NMIBC the amounts of cytokines were maximal: in LG tumors they exceeded the primary ones from 7.1 (IFNγ) to 300 (IL-6) while in HG - from 2.0 (IL-10) to 9.7 (IL-6). The amounts of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, IL-8 were higher in those LG primary tumors which relapsed in 6-9 months compared to the ones which didn't, though their levels were much lower than in initially manifested relapse (from 2.6 times for IFNy to 150 times for IL-6). A similar trend, though not for all the same cytokines, was observed in HG tumors: tissue levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNFα were higher in tumors which relapsed in 6-9 months after treatment. The increase of 2 cytokines' levels were common for both LG and HG tumors (IL-6 and IL-10). This finding might be considered as a new prognostic factor of the early relapse. We conclude that relapse of LG and HG NMIBC is related to some immune mechanisms, namely to local hyperproduction of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-10, though IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ could have an impact on LG and IL-18, TNFα — on HG tumors. Taking into account common signaling pathways of IL-6 and IL-10 like JAK/STAT, these transcription factors might be potential targets for new effective approaches to treatment

Immobilization of Antioxidant Enzyme Catalase on Porous Hybrid Microparticles of Vaterite with Mucin

Catalase is one of the crucial antioxidant enzymes with diverse applications in textile, food industries, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics, which, however, is highly sensitive to environmental challenges. Resisting the loss of activity and prolongation of formulation storage can be achieved via the catalase entrapment into insoluble carriers. Affordable and degradable vaterite is proposed as amicable material for catalase immobilization. To improve the carrier properties of the vaterite, it was co‐precipitated with mucin from the pig's stomach producing ca 5 μm hybrid mucin/vaterite microparticles. Catalase is impregnated into the crystals by means of adsorption without chemical modifications. The presence of mucin matrix partially hinders catalase penetration into the crystals and reduces the adsorption capacity (for 0.1 mg mL−1 catalase, ca 2.3 vs ca 1.5 mg g−1 for pristine and hybrid microparticles, respectively) but significantly promotes the protection of antioxidant activity upon storage and under the action of temperature, organic solvent (acetonitrile), and proteolytic enzyme (trypsin). Hybrid microcrystals are pH‐sensitive and better retain the enzyme at pH 3–5 due to catalase‐mucin complexation. Immobilized catalase can be used for 5–6 consecutive cycles until it loses catalytic activity. Altogether, these findings indicate promises of hybrid mucin/vaterite microparticles for immobilization of antioxidant enzymes

Препараты гиалуроновой кислоты в лечении остеоартрита: все ли нам ясно?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease that causes persistent pain, limited joint function, disability, and loss of social activity. One of the most popular OA treatment options is intra-articular (I/A) hyaluronic acid (HA) injections. This procedure was introduced into clinical practice in the early 1980s and is used universally. To date, there is no consensus on the therapeutic value of HA. Many investigations confirm that HA is effective as not only a symptomatic agent, but also a structure-modifying one. Some works also show that the effect of HA is equal or only slightly superior to that of placebo (I/A saline injection). The review describes the mechanism of action and comparative efficacy of various (lowand high-molecular weight) HA preparations, as well as the safety of their use in real clinical practice.Остеоартрит (ОА) – прогрессирующее заболевание суставов, вызывающее стойкую боль, ограничение функции суставов, потерю трудоспособности и социальной активности. Одним из популярных методов лечения ОА являются внутрисуставные (в/с) инъекции препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты (ГлК). Эта методика вошла в клиническую практику в начале 80-х годов прошлого века и получила повсеместное распространение. До настоящего времени не существует единого мнения о терапевтической ценности ГлК. Многие исследования подтверждают эффективность ГлК, причем в качестве не только симптоматического, но и структурномодифицирующего средства. Вместе в тем в некоторых работах действие ГлК было равным эффекту плацебо (в/с введение физиологического раствора) или лишь ненамного его превосходило. В обзоре рассмотрены механизм действия и сравнительная эффективность различных препаратов ГлК (низкои высокомолекулярной), а также безопасность их использования в реальной клинической практике