30 research outputs found
Wp艂yw olei ro艣linnych i mineralnych na rozw贸j Diplocarpon rosae Wolf. sprawc臋 czarnej plamisto艣ci r贸偶y
Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of vegetable oils: corn, olive, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and grape; vegetable oils recommended as adjuvants: Dedal 90 EC (90 % vegetable oil) and Olejan 80 EC (85 % rapeseed oil); and mineral oils: Atpolan 80 EC (76 % SN oil), Ikar 95 EC (95 % SAE petroleum oil), Olemix 84 EC (84 % DSA petroleum oil), Promanal 60 EC (60 % petroleum oil), used at a concentration of 1 % for spraying rose bushes 9 times at 7-day intervals in order to control the black spot disease caused by Diplocarpon rosae. The results do not allow the drawing of a clear conclusion as to which of the tested vegetable or mineral oils showed the highest effectiveness in inhibiting the development of the symptoms of black spot and the fungus D. rosae. It was found that the percentage effectiveness of the tested oils relative to the control depended on the type of oil, the time of observation and the experiment. Depending on the experiment and the time of observation, different percentage rates of the inhibition in the development of disease symptoms were obtained. After spraying the roses 3 times, the effectiveness of the tested oils ranged from 35.8 % (sunflower oil) to 77.8 % (Atpolan 80 EC); after 6 applications, it was from 26.8 % (olive oil) to 55 % (Olejan 85 EC); and after a total of 9 treatments, it was from 29.5 % (corn oil, soybean oil and Olemix 84 EC) to 58.6 % (olive oil). There was no evidence of phytotoxicity of the tested oils to the variety of rose on which the experiments were conducted.W przeprowadzonych badaniach polowych okre艣lano wp艂yw olei ro艣linnych (kukurydziany, olej z oliwek, rzepakowy, s艂onecznikowy, sojowy, winogronowy) lub olei ro艣linnych polecanych jako adjuwanty: Dedal 90 EC (90 % vegetable oil), Olejan 80 EC (85 % rape oil) oraz olei mineralnych Atpolan 80 EC (76 % SN oil), Ikar 95 EC (95 % SAE petroleum oil), Olemix 84 EC (84 % DSA petroleum oil), Promanal 60 EC 184 Adam T. Wojdy艂a (60 % petroleum oil) stosowanych w st臋偶. 1 % do 9-krotnego opryskiwania krzew贸w r贸偶 w odst臋pach 7-dniowych w zwalczaniu czarnej plamisto艣ci powodowanej przez Diplocarpon rosae. Uzyskane wyniki nie pozwalaj膮 na wyci膮gni臋cie jednoznacznego wniosku, kt贸ry z badanych olei ro艣linnych lub mineralnych wykazywa艂 najwy偶sz膮 skuteczno艣膰 w ograniczaniu rozwoju objaw贸w czarnej plamisto艣ci oraz grzyba D. rosae. Stwierdzono, 偶e procentowa skuteczno艣膰 badanych olei wzgl臋dem kontroli by艂a uzale偶niona od rodzaju oleju, terminu obserwacji oraz do艣wiadczenia. W zale偶no艣ci od do艣wiadczenia i terminu obserwacji stwierdzono zr贸偶nicowane procentowe ograniczanie rozwoju objaw贸w chorobowych. Po 3-krotnym opryskiwaniu r贸偶 skuteczno艣膰 badanych olei waha艂a si臋 od 35,8 % (sunflower oil) do 77,8 % (Atpolan 80 EC), po 6-krotnym opryskiwaniu od 26,8 % (olive oil) do 55 % (Olejan 85 EC) oraz po 9-krotnym opryskiwaniu od 29,5 % (corn oil, soybean oil and Olemix 84 EC) do 58,6 % (olive oil). Nie stwierdzono fitotoksyczno艣ci badanych olei w stosunku do odmiany r贸偶, na kt贸rej prowadzono do艣wiadczenia
Ochrona d臋bu szypu艂kowego przed m膮czniakiem prawdziwym i jej wp艂yw na wzrost ro艣lin
Eleven synthetic and five biotechnical preparations were tested in experiments carried out in the experimental field of the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice. The experiments were conducted in two series. After symptoms of powdery mildew had been noticed, oak plants were sprayed 4 times at 7-day intervals. Observations of the degree of intensity of the disease symptoms were carried out after 2 and 4 treatments, and additionally after 12 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. The results have shown that the applied protection reduced the intensity and extent of infection. Among the 16 products tested, the best protection was achieved with the fungicides Falcon 460 EC, Bumper 250 EC and Systhane 12 EC, and also Domark 100 EC. Biotechnical preparations and plant extracts also reduced the degree of infection, but significantly less than the synthetic fungicides. The applied treatments also had an effect on plant growth rate. Measurements of plant height revealed statistically significant differences between the experimental combinations. The tallest plants were found in the combinations where Nimrod 250 EC and Bio-Blat 25 EC had been used, and the shortest ones in the control.M膮czniak prawdziwy d臋bu (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) wyrz膮dza szczeg贸lnie du偶e szkody w艣r贸d m艂odych ro艣lin w szk贸艂kach. Pora偶a d臋by europejskie, powoduj膮c uszkadzanie li艣ci, p膮k贸w oraz szczytowych, niezdrewnia艂ych p臋d贸w. Silne pora偶enie widoczne w postaci bia艂ego nalotu grzybni z jednej strony obni偶a walory dekoracyjne, z drugiej natomiast mo偶e powodowa膰 zahamowanie wzrostu ro艣lin. Do tej pory ochrona przed tym patogenem ogranicza艂a si臋 do opryskiwania ro艣lin w okresie zagro偶enia preparatami zawieraj膮cymi siark臋, co przy wysokich temperaturach panuj膮cych latem mog艂o prowadzi膰 do objaw贸w fitotoksyczno艣ci. St膮d testuje si臋 obecnie r贸wnie偶 inne preparaty, tak z grupy fungicyd贸w syntetycznych, jak i z wyci膮g贸w ro艣linnych oraz preparaty biotechniczne, kt贸re mog膮 by膰 wykorzystywane g艂贸wnie do stosowania w ogrodach i parkach. W badaniach przeprowadzonych na polu do艣wiadczalnym Instytutu Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa w Skierniewicach testowano 11 preparat贸w syntetycznych oraz 5 biotechnicznych. Do艣wiadczenia przeprowadzano w dw贸ch seriach. Po wyst膮pieniu objaw贸w m膮czniaka prawdziwego ro艣liny opryskiwano 4-krotnie co 7 dni. Obserwacje stopnia nasilenia objaw贸w chorobowych prowadzono po wykonaniu 2 i 4 opryskiwa艅 oraz dodatkowo po 12 tygodniach trwania do艣wiadczenia. Wyniki wskazuj膮, 偶e ochrona zmniejsza intensywno艣膰 oraz stopie艅 pora偶enia ro艣lin. Spo艣r贸d 16 testowanych preparat贸w ro艣liny d臋bu by艂y najlepiej chronione przez fungicydy Bumper 250 EC, Falcon 460 EC, Domark 100 EC. Preparaty biotechniczne i wyci膮gi ro艣linne ogranicza艂y pora偶enie, lecz istotnie s艂abiej ni偶 fungicydy syntetyczne. Prowadzona ochrona mia艂a r贸wnie偶 wp艂yw na tempo wzrostu ro艣lin. Pomiary wysoko艣ci ro艣lin wykaza艂y istotne statystycznie zr贸偶nicowanie pomi臋dzy kombinacjami do艣wiadczenia. Najwy偶sze ro艣liny stwierdzono w kommbinacjach, w kt贸rych zastosowano Nimrod 250 EC oraz Bio-Blat 25 EC, a najni偶sze w obiektach kontrolnych
Assessment of the physiological condition of Salvinia natans L. exposed to copper (II) ions
Salvinia natans L. is a known bioaccumulator of metal ions from the aquatic environment. Exposure
of plants to prolonged impact of toxins along with a large dose of the metal affects the physiological
condition of the plants. The changes occurring in the plants in the phytoremediation process in
contaminated medium culture of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu/dm3 show two basic physiological parameters:
the assimilation pigment content (chlorophyll a and b) responsible for the production of energy in the
process of photosynthesis, and the total protein level as the main constituent of the plant. Conducted
studies confirmed a negative effect of high concentrations of copper(II) on Salvinia natans L. plants
which in these conditions are capable to bioaccumulate metal from each contaminated culture medium
The environmental pollution with copper and zinc along the communication routes in Wroc艂aw, Poland
Copper and zinc concentrations in soils and grasses near selected communication routes in Wroc艂aw, Poland have been determined. Environmental samples were collected from the surface layer of the soil profile within 3 m from the edge of the road. The analysis of metals in the mineralizates has been carried out by atomic absorptive spectroscopy (AAS). The conductivity and pH of the soil solutions were measured to evaluate the salinity of the soils and also their active and exchangeable acidity. There have been determined the parameters characterizing the content of metals in soils and grasses, the index of the enrichment of soils in zinc and copper (Wn), the bioaccumulation coefficient (WB), histograms of the frequency of metals occurrence in environmental samples. Also it was presented the Pearson鈥檚 r correlation coefficients for the relationships: Zn in soil/Cu in soil, Zn in grass/Cu in grass, Cu in grass/Cu in soil, Zn in grass/Zn in soil. The research does not indicate exceeding of the permissible content of copper and zinc in the environment. However, in all samples higher content of the metals compared to the geochemical background have been observed
Bioaccumulation capacities of copper(II) ions in Salvinia natans
Capacities of the pleustophytes in the purification of the aquatic environments in Polish climatic
zone have been evaluated. Studies of bioaccumulation of copper(II) from culture media contaminated
with 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu/dm3 by the plants of Salvinia natans species were performed. The process
was carried out for 14 days with the use of artificial plant-breeding species. The balance of the
content of copper(II) in dry matter of plants and in the culture media was investigated. Capabilities of
Salvinia natans to bioaccumulate copper(II) have been confirmed in all contaminated culture media
The separation of carbon dioxide from CO2/N2/O2 mixtures using polyimide and polysulphone membranes
Results are presented concerning the separation of the mixtures of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen in membrane modules with modified polysulphone or polyimide as active layers. The feed gas was a mixture with composition corresponding to that of a stream leaving stage 1 of a hybrid adsorptivemembrane process for the removal of CO2 from dry flue gas. In gas streams containing 70 vol.% of CO2, O2 content was varied between 0 and 5 vol.%. It is found that the presence of oxygen in the feed gas lowers the purity of the product CO2 in all the modules studied, while the recovery depends on the module. In the PRISM module (Air Products) an increase in O2 feed concentration, for the maximum permeate purity, led to a rise in CO2 recovery, whereas for the UBE modules the recovery did not
change
Content of mercury and cadmium in the stream of spent zinc-carbon batteries type R6, standard AA
Dyrektywa unijna dotycz膮ca baterii i akumulator贸w oraz ich odpad贸w zakazuje sprzeda偶y baterii i akumulator贸w zawieraj膮cych wi臋cej ni偶 0,0005% masy rt臋ci oraz 0,002% kadmu (z wyj膮tkiem baterii specjalnego przeznaczenia i ogniw guzikowych, w kt贸rych zawarto艣膰 rt臋ci nie powinna przekroczy膰 2% mas.). Jednak w strumieniu baterii cynkowo-w臋glowych trafiaj膮cych na polski rynek (a p贸藕niej do zak艂ad贸w przetw贸rczych) znajduje si臋 du偶a ilo艣膰 takich, na kt贸rych nie ma informacji o zawarto艣ci rt臋ci i kadmu. Ten stan rzeczy powoduje, i偶 przedsi臋biorstwa zajmuj膮ce si臋 recyklingiem odpad贸w bateryjnych zar贸wno metodami piro-, jak i hydrometalurgicznymi maj膮 problemy technologiczne podczas przer贸bki tych odpad贸w. W pracy przedstawiono pr贸b臋 oszacowania ilo艣ci tych dw贸ch metali w poszczeg贸lnych elementach baterii cynkowo-w臋glowych typu R6, standard AA oraz w strumieniu zu偶ytych baterii cynkowo-w臋glowych trafiaj膮cych do recyklingu.According to EU Directive 2006/66/EC it is prohibited to sale batteries and accumulators containing more than 0.0005 wt. % mercury by weight and 0.002 wt. % of cadmium (except for special purpose batteries and button cells, in which the content of mercury should not exceed 2% by weight). In the stream of zinc-carbon batteries reaching the Polish market (and later the processing plants) there is a large number of those which do not have information about the content of mercury and cadmium. The quantitative study of these two types of metals in particular elements of the zinc-carbon batteries type R6, standard AA and in the stream of spent zinc-carbon batteries for recycling was described. Obtained results are showing that overall cadmium content in individual elements of tested batteries, referenced to the total weight of the battery does not exceed the value permissible by the EU Directive in the amount of 0.002% by weight of Cd in each of the analyzed batteries. However the overall mercury content in individual elements of tested batteries, exceeds for three of them the value permissible by the EU Directive (Directive 2006/66/EC, 2006) in the amount of 0.0005% by weight of Hg
Zawarto艣膰 rt臋ci i kadmu w strumieniu zu偶ytych baterii cynkowo-w臋glowych
According to EU Directive 2006/66/EC it is prohibited to sale batteries and accumulators containing more than 0.0005 wt. % mercury by weight and 0.002 wt. % of cadmium (except for special purpose batteries and button cells, in which the content of mercury should not exceed 2 % by weight). In the stream of zinc-carbon batteries reaching the Polish market (and later the processing plants) one can find a large number of such that do not have information about the content of mercury and cadmium. The quantitative study of these two types of metals in particular parts of the zinc-carbon batteries type R6, standard AA, and in the stream of spent zinc-carbon batteries for recycling was described. Obtained results are showing that overall cadmium content in individual elements of tested batteries, referenced to the total weight of the battery does not exceed the value permissible by the EU Directive in the amount of 0.002 % by weight of Cd in each of the analyzed batteries. However, the overall mercury content in individual parts of tested batteries for three of them exceeds the value permissible by the EU Directive (Directive 2006/66/EC, 2006), showing the amount of 0.0005 % of Hg by weight.Dyrektywa unijna dotycz膮ca baterii i akumulator贸w oraz ich odpad贸w [1] zakazuje sprzeda偶y baterii i akumulator贸w zawieraj膮cych wi臋cej ni偶 0,0005 % wagowych rt臋ci oraz 0,002 % kadmu (z wyj膮tkiem baterii specjalnego przeznaczenia i ogniw guzikowych, w kt贸rych zawarto艣膰 rt臋ci nie powinna przekroczy膰 2 % wagowych). Jednak w strumieniu baterii cynkowo-w臋glowych trafiaj膮cych na polski rynek (a p贸藕niej do zak艂ad贸w przetw贸rczych) znajduje si臋 du偶a ilo艣膰 takich, na kt贸rych nie ma informacji o zawarto艣ci rt臋ci i kadmu. Ten stan rzeczy powoduje, i偶 przedsi臋biorstwa zajmuj膮ce si臋 recyklingiem odpad贸w bateryjnych metodami piro-, jak i hydrometalurgicznymi maj膮 problemy technologiczne podczas przer贸bki tych odpad贸w. W pracy przedstawiono pr贸b臋 oszacowania ilo艣ci tych dw贸ch metali w poszczeg贸lnych elementach baterii cynkowo-w臋glowych typu R6, standard AA oraz w strumieniu zu偶ytych baterii cynkowo-w臋glowych trafiaj膮cych do recyklingu
The study on the separation of methane鈥搉itrogen mixtures in commercial membrane modules
Zasadniczym celem bada艅 by艂o okre艣lenie przydatno艣ci dost臋pnych komercyjnie modu艂贸w membranowych w procesie wydzielania metanu z powietrza wentylacyjnego kopal艅. Przeprowadzono do艣wiadczalne badania procesu permeacji czystego metanu i azotu oraz mieszaniny tych gaz贸w w trzech modu艂ach membranowych. Istotnym wnioskiem p艂yn膮cym z wykonanych prac jest fakt, 偶e modu艂y firmy UBE mog艂yby zosta膰 wykorzystane do zat臋偶ania niskost臋偶onej mieszaniny metan鈥揳zot.The basic aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of using commercial membrane modules to the removal of CH4 from ventilation air methane (VAM). Experimental investigations concerning the permeation of pure gases (CH4, N2) and mixture of these gases, in three membrane modules, ware carried out. An important conclusion is that the UBE modules may successfully be used in the enrichment of dilute mixtures of methane and nitrogen
The enrichment of ventilation air methane by membrane separation
Celem pracy by艂o okre艣lenie mo偶liwo艣ci zat臋偶ania metanu pochodz膮cego z powietrza wentylacyjnego kopal艅 w komercyjnych modu艂ach membranowych firmy UBE. Przeprowadzono badania do艣wiadczalne procesu separacji mieszaniny zawieraj膮cej 0,3% obj. metanu w azocie zar贸wno w instalacji jednostopniowej, jak i wielostopniowej. Dokonano do艣wiadczalnej weryfikacji opracowanego modelu matematycznego procesu separacji membranowej. Stwierdzono, 偶e uzyskanie dwukrotnego zat臋偶ania metanu wymaga zastosowania kaskady modu艂贸w membranowych pracuj膮cej pod du偶ymi ci艣nieniami, si臋gaj膮cymi 7 bar(a). Opracowany model matematyczny mo偶e s艂u偶y膰 do oblicze艅 projektowych i optymalizacyjnych procesu membranowego zat臋偶ania metanu pochodz膮cego z powietrza wentylacyjnego.The basic aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of using commercial membrane modules in the recovery of methane from ventilation air. Experimental investigations concerning the separation of gaseous mixture containing 0.3 vol.% of methane in nitrogen were carried out. However, no satisfactory increase in methane concentration was observed in the product in a single-step installation. Therefore, a multi-step membrane system was proposed with UMS-A5 module. It was found that the developed mathematical model can be used for design calculations and optimization in the enrichment of lean methane-nitrogen mixtures