APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF WAVELETS FOR COMPRESSION AND FILTRATION OF GEOINFORMATION

The purpose of the article is to develop a detailed and accessible technology for the application of wavelets in the processing of geo-information, the subject of research is wavelet-based filtering and compression of geo-information. The research methodology is based on the modern theory of wavelets in the light of linear algebra. Research methods involve study and generalization, abstraction, formalization, mathematical modeling using computer programs compiled by the authors. After the introduction and formulation of the problem, the basic positions of linear algebra are presented, on which the content of the article is based when constructing orthonormal bases in one- and two-dimensional cases. First, the application of the general theory to the decomposition of the vector of initial data in the Haar and Shannon bases is given. Further, on the basis of the Haar basis, orthonormal bases of wavelet transforms and filtering information are constructed. The procedure for creating wavelet filters by a sequence of convolutions, the use of MSA analysis for constructing an orthonormal basis of the wavelet transform is considered. Implemented the practical possibility of wavelet filtering based on specific programs for modeling geo-information data fields and images, data compression and filtering. The result of the work is the methods of constructing orthonormal bases by various methods of wavelet transform, based on which algorithms and corresponding computer programs for geoinformation compression are compiled using the example of terrain and photographic images. The efficiency of geoinformation compression and noise filtering using wavelets was investigated. A method has been developed for determining the value of a filter depending on the accuracy of the initial geo-information, illustrated by the example of calculating the filter value for compressing information about the heights of the terrain. The same technique is recommended for image filtering

Dynamics of combined electron beam and laser dispersion of polymers in vacuum

The mechanisms of the impact of the laser assisting effect on the dispersion kinetics and on the structure of the deposited layers in electron beam dispersion of a polymer target were analyzed. The proposed model and analytical expressions adequately describe the kinetic dependence of the polymer materials dispersion rate in a vacuum on the intensity of laser processing of their dispersion zone

STUDY OF CONDUCTIVITY OF NEW ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITIONS BASED ON 1M LiTFSI IN GLYME SOLVENTS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

The temperature dependence of conductivity of 1 M LiTFSI in 1,3-dioxolane/diglyme (1:2) and1 M LiTFSI in dimethoxyethane/tetraglyme (2:1) in the range -30...20°С was measured. The effective activation energy of conductivity and thequantumchemical modeling of solvate complexes were calculated.Работа выполнена при поддержке Гос.задания №124013000743-3 (FFSG-2024-0008)

Detection of Polynitro Compounds at Low Concentrations by SERS Using Ni@Au Nanotubes

The identification of high-energy compounds in trace concentrations not only in the laboratory, but also in field conditions is of particular interest. The process should be clear, easy, and well-recognizable. We formed SERS-active substrates by using elongated nickel nanotubes synthesized by electrochemical deposition in the pores of ion-track membranes and coated them with gold for further application in the detection of low concentrations of analytes. The substrates were characterized using various techniques to determine the morphology of the nanotubes and modifying gold layer. The possibility of obtaining two types of gold-layer morphology was shown: in the form of a smooth film up to 20–50 nm thick and a coating with nanoneedles up to 250 nm long. The electric fields around the nanotubes were simulated at a laser wavelength of 532 nm to demonstrate the influence of the gold-layer morphology on the field distribution. The “needle” morphology was chosen to form the most effective SERS-active substrates for detection of low concentrations of aromatic polynitro compounds. The spectral peaks were identified by comparing the model and experimental Raman spectra at concentrations down to 10−5 M. Within this limit, all peaks (“fingerprints” of the substance) were clearly distinguishable. © 2022 by the authors.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: AAAA-A20-120061890084-9; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 21-72-20158Works on theoretical modeling were carried out within the framework of the State Contract of the Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPGU) “Physics of the perspective materials and nanostructures: basic researches and applications in material sciences, nanotechnologies and photonics” supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (AAAA-A20-120061890084-9). S.B. and E.K. (Elizaveta Kozhina) are members of the scientific school SS-776.2022.1.2. Works on NTs fabrication and characterization were supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant number 21-72-20158 (NTs as tool for magneto-mechanical treatment)

APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF WAVELETS FOR COMPRESSION AND FILTRATION OF GEOINFORMATION

The purpose of the article is to develop a detailed and accessible technology for the application of wavelets in the processing of geo-information, the subject of research is wavelet-based filtering and compression of geo-information. The research methodology is based on the modern theory of wavelets in the light of linear algebra. Research methods involve study and generalization, abstraction, formalization, mathematical modeling using computer programs compiled by the authors. After the introduction and formulation of the problem, the basic positions of linear algebra are presented, on which the content of the article is based when constructing orthonormal bases in one- and two-dimensional cases. First, the application of the general theory to the decomposition of the vector of initial data in the Haar and Shannon bases is given. Further, on the basis of the Haar basis, orthonormal bases of wavelet transforms and filtering information are constructed. The procedure for creating wavelet filters by a sequence of convolutions, the use of MSA analysis for con-structing an orthonormal basis of the wavelet transform is considered. Implemented the practical possibility of wavelet filtering based on specific programs for modeling geo-information data fields and images, data compression and filter-ing. The result of the work is the methods of constructing orthonormal bases by various methods of wavelet transform, based on which algorithms and corresponding computer programs for geoinformation compression are compiled using the example of terrain and photographic images. The efficiency of geoinformation compression and noise filtering using wavelets was investigated. A method has been developed for determining the value of a filter depending on the accuracy of the initial geo-information, illustrated by the example of calculating the filter value for compressing information about the heights of the terrain. The same technique is recommended for image filtering

THE INFLUENCE OF CONFLICTS ON THE STATE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND WAYS OF REGULATING GEOPOLITICAL TENSIONS

The growth of geopolitical tension and conflicts in the modern world pose a serious threat to the international security system. It has been established that in recent years conflict at the international level has reached a critical level with the highest risk of nuclear confrontation based on the results of the conducted research. In this regard, issues of constructive resolution of international conflicts, establishment and maintenance of a stable structure of international relations are gaining significant relevance. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of conflicts with the study of their impact on the state of international security and to build an analytical basis for the formation of systemic decisions aimed at their settlement in the conditions of growing geopolitical tension. Analysis of conceptual approaches, theories and concepts of conflict research has been provided in the course of the research. Classifications and typologies of international conflicts are considered with an emphasis on the main structural elements of the conflict. The formation of an analytical system for supporting strategic decision-making has been proposed in order to solve issues related to the settlement of international conflicts and the effective development of international relations. The proposed system combines four subsystems, namely: the subsystem of forming information databases, the subsystem of determining relationships, the subsystem of modelling and the subsystem of forming strategic decisions. The practical use of the proposed system will make it possible to form analytical information and determine the dominant factors of influence on the socio-economic state and the conflict situation. It is possible to determine the trends in the development of international conflicts and to form strategies for their settlement and increase the efficiency of international relations, taking into account the long-term perspective on the basis of obtaining analytical information

Результати моніторингу земель та стану геологічного середовища в межах смуги відведення залізничної колії по балці Тунельна (м. Дніпро)

An analytical review of the existing types of level crossing emphasizes the need of introduction of motors and reducers of a new type in it to minimize its size, reduce costs, improve the operation reliability of the crossing signal system, and thereby to improve the safety of railway transport in general. The control scheme of the railway level crossing remains the same, which facilitates the renovation stages and it does not require additional training of maintenance personnel.It is proposed to minimize the size and weight of the level crossing due to the introduction of DC motors with permanent magnets, which are cheaper and more reliable in operation against existing engines such as SL-571k and AIR 56V4B43. Also it is possible to reduce the weight of the level crossing due to the introduction of a planetary gear, which is more compact, it has reduced load on the shafts of the gear and the teeth of the wheels, increased gear ratio, reduced noise and longer life. The scientific basis of the introduction of direct current motors with permanent magnets and the planetary gear of the railway level crossing is given.A technique is developed to determine the primary parameters of the electric circuit for the chosen type motor, its working and mechanical characteristics.The mathematical model of the dc motor with permanent magnets has been improved due to the introduction of the methodology for definition the ratio of electric and magnetic constants according to the specified passport data, of the primary parameters and its working and mechanical characteristics, which was the scientific basis for the justification for diagnosing the engines of level crossing. It is allowed us to change the planned preventive maintenance technology on the maintenance according to the state of the objects: level crossing of railways of Ukraine and UIS countries in further.Актуальность. Выполнен комплекс инженерно-геологических работ по мониторингу состояния земель и геологической среды по балке Тоннельная. Выявлены особенно неблагоприятные участки, требующие неотложных мер по своевременному предотвращению неблагоприятных инженерно-геологических процессов в пределах полосы отвода железнодорожного пути. Это необходимо для обеспечения устойчивости, надежности и функциональной безопасности пути и земляного полотна по перегону Днепропетровск Южный – станция Встречный. Итак, проведенное исследование актуально, имеет несомненную практическую значимость по выполнению условий безопасности движения поездов.Объект исследования – состояние полосы отвода железнодорожного пути и земляного полотна по перегону Днепропетровск Южный – станция Встречный.Предмет исследования – опасные инженерно-геологические процессы в пределах полосы отвода железнодорожного пути и земляного полотна в балке Тоннельная.Целью является оценка негативных изменений состояния геологической среды балки Тоннельная для предотвращения (устранения) их негативного влияния на безопасность движения поездов по перегону Днепропетровск Южный – станция Встречный; выработки рекомендации по защите территории от опасных геологических процессов и явлений.В результате работы выявлено, что склоны б. Тоннельная относятся к оползнеопасным, поэтому нуждаются в инженерной защите для обеспечения устойчивости, надежности и функциональной безопасности пути и земляного полотна, а именно бесперебойного пропуска поездов в условиях предотвращения опасности со стороны геологической среды. То есть, необходимо постоянное проведения гидрогеологических и геодезических наблюдений. Для стабилизации оползней, обеспечения устойчивости существующих сооружений необходимо предусмотреть комплекс противооползневых мероприятий. Для проведения водоохранных мероприятий по организации поверхностного стока по склонам б. Тоннельная необходимо перераспределить поверхностный сток, а именно провести засыпку и тампонаж погребов и ям, прокладку и ремонт нарушенных водоотводных каналов и лотков в районе железнодорожного тоннеля. На склонах и дне балки необходимо постоянно проводить агролесомелиоративные мероприятия.Актуальність. Виконано комплекс інженерно-геологічних робіт моніторингу стану земель та геологічного середовища по балці Тунельна.Виявлені особливо несприятливі ділянки, що вимагають невідкладних заходів щодо своєчасного запобігання несприятливих інженерно-геологічних процесів у межах смуги відведення залізничної колії. Це необхідно для забезпечення стійкості, надійності та функціональної безпеки колії та земляного полотна по перегону Дніпропетровськ Південний – станція Зустрічний. Отже, проведене дослідження актуальне, має безсумнівну практичну значущість щодо виконання умов безпеки руху поїздів.Об’єкт дослідження – стан смуги відведення залізничної колії та земляного полотна по перегону Дніпропетровськ Південний – станція Зустрічний.Предмет дослідження – небезпечні інженерно-геологічні процеси у межах смуги відведення залізничної колії та земляного полотна у балці Тунельна.Метою є оцінка негативних змін стану геологічного середовища балки Тунельна для запобігання (усунення) їх негативних наслідків на безпеку руху поїздів по перегону Дніпропетровськ Південний – станція Зустрічний; виробки рекомендації із захисту території від небезпечних геологічних процесів і явищ.У результаті роботи виявлено, що схили б. Тунельна відносяться до зсувонебезпечних, тому потребують інженерного захисту для забезпечення стійкості, надійності та функціональної безпеки колії та земляного полотна, а саме безперебійного пропуску поїздів в умовах усунення небезпеки з боку геологічного середовища. Тобто, необхідне постійне проведення гідрогеологічних і геодезичних спостережень. Для стабілізації зсувів, забезпечення стійкості існуючих споруд необхідно передбачити комплекс протизсувних заходів. Для проведення водозахисних заходів щодо організації поверхневого стоку по схилам б. Тунельна необхідно перерозподілити поверхневий стік, а саме провести засипку і тампонаж погребів і ям, прокладку і ремонт порушених водовідвідних каналів і лотків у районі залізничного тунелю. На схилах і в дні балки необхідно постійно проводити агролісомеліоративні заходи.

Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied by NMR Techniques

This review is devoted to different types of novel polymer electrolytes for lithium power sources developed during the last decade. In the first part, the compositions and conductivity of various polymer electrolytes are considered. The second part contains NMR applications to the ion transport mechanism. Polymer electrolytes prevail over liquid electrolytes because of their exploitation safety and wider working temperature ranges. The gel electrolytes are mainly attractive. The systems based on polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, etc., modified by nanoparticle (TiO2, SiO2, etc.) additives and ionic liquids are considered in detail. NMR techniques such as high-resolution NMR, solid-state NMR, magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, NMR relaxation, and pulsed-field gradient NMR applications are discussed. 1H, 7Li, and 19F NMR methods applied to polymer electrolytes are considered. Primary attention is given to the revelation of the ion transport mechanism. A nanochannel structure, compositions of ion complexes, and mobilities of cations and anions studied by NMR, quantum-chemical, and ionic conductivity methods are discussed