Паразиты дальневосточного леопарда (Panthera pardus orientalis) на юго-западе Приморского края России

The results of long-term studies of invasions of the Panthera pardus orientalis, Schlegel 1857. The study of parasitic invasions of the Far Eastern leopard was carried out by two methods. The first method included the study of excrement of the Far Eastern leopard collected in different seasons of the year from January 2009 to December 2014 by the Kotelnikov-Khrenov method. The second method is a complete parasitologic autopsy on Scriabin, the dead animals on the basis of PGHS. The autopsy was conducted by the chief veterinarian of the Primorsky Krai, and the autopsy report was compiled. To analyze the data obtained, the indicator was used - the index of occurrence, expressed as a percentage. As a result, the species composition of helminths parasitizing the Far Eastern leopard is supplemented by species of nematodes - Ancylostoma sp., Gnathostoma spinigerum Capillaria sp., Dirofilaria sp; cestodes - Taenia sp., Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra erinaceieuropei, Mesocestoides lineatus; trematodes - Nanophyetus salmicola schikhobalowi, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawa. Dominiruet monoinvasion (66,6%). Di-invasion and triinvasia are much less common - 17,7% and 4,4%. Of the protozoans, oocysts were found isospora rivolta. On the body of the dead animals were found ixodid mites - Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis japonica douglasi, Haemaphysalis punctate. It indicates the presence in the excrement of fleas of genus Ctenocephala и клещей рода and mites of the genus Otodectes.Цель исследования - выявить экто- и эндопаразитов дальневосточного леопарда (Panthera pardus orientalis, Schlegel 1857). Материалы и методы. Изучение паразитарных инвазий дальневосточного леопарда проводили двумя методами. Первый метод включал исследование фекалий дальневосточного леопарда, собранных в разные сезоны года с января 2009 г. по декабрь 2014 г. методом Котельникова-Хренова. Второй метод включал полное гельминтологическое вскрытие по Скрябину погибших животных на базе Приморской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. Вскрытие проводили главным ветеринарным врачом Приморского края; составлен протокол вскрытия. Собранных паразитов фиксировали и обрабатывали стандартными методиками. Определение вида клещей проводили по определителю Н. A. Филипповой (1997). Для анализа полученных данных использовали показатель - индекс встречаемости, выраженный в процентах. Результаты и обсуждение. Видовой состав гельминтов, паразитирующих у дальневосточного леопарда, дополнен видами нематод - Ancylostoma sp., Gnathostoma spinigerum, Capillaria sp., Dirofilaria sp; цестод - Taenia sp., Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra erinaceieuropei, Mesocestoides lineatus; трематод - Nanophyetus salmicola schikhobalowi, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawa. Доминирует моноинвазия (66,6 %). Дииинвазия и триинвазия наблюдаются гораздо реже - 17,7 и 4,4 % соответственно. Из простейших были обнаружены ооцисты Isospora rivolta. На теле погибших животных были найдены иксодовые клещи Haemaphysalis flava, H. longicornis, H. japonica douglasi, H. punctate. Указывается на нахождение в фекалиях блох рода Ctenocephala и клещей рода Оtodectes

Invasion diseases of the far eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) in the south-west of the Primorsk territory of Russia

The results of long-term studies of invasions of the Panthera pardus orientalis, Schlegel 1857. The study of parasitic invasions of the Far Eastern leopard was carried out by two methods. The first method included the study of excrement of the Far Eastern leopard collected in different seasons of the year from January 2009 to December 2014 by the Kotelnikov-Khrenov method. The second method is a complete parasitologic autopsy on Scriabin, the dead animals on the basis of PGHS. The autopsy was conducted by the chief veterinarian of the Primorsky Krai, and the autopsy report was compiled. To analyze the data obtained, the indicator was used - the index of occurrence, expressed as a percentage. As a result, the species composition of helminths parasitizing the Far Eastern leopard is supplemented by species of nematodes - Ancylostoma sp., Gnathostoma spinigerum Capillaria sp., Dirofilaria sp; cestodes - Taenia sp., Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra erinaceieuropei, Mesocestoides lineatus; trematodes - Nanophyetus salmicola schikhobalowi, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawa. Dominiruet monoinvasion (66,6%). Di-invasion and triinvasia are much less common - 17,7% and 4,4%. Of the protozoans, oocysts were found isospora rivolta. On the body of the dead animals were found ixodid mites - Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis japonica douglasi, Haemaphysalis punctate. It indicates the presence in the excrement of fleas of genus Ctenocephala и клещей рода and mites of the genus Otodectes

High Doses of Pesticides Induce mtDNA Damage in Intact Mitochondria of Potato In Vitro and Do Not Impact on mtDNA Integrity of Mitochondria of Shoots and Tubers under In Vivo Exposure

It is well known that pesticides are toxic for mitochondria of animals. The effect of pesticides on plant mitochondria has not been widely studied. The goal of this research is to study the impact of metribuzin and imidacloprid on the amount of damage in the mtDNA of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in various conditions. We developed a set of primers to estimate mtDNA damage for the fragments in three chromosomes of potato mitogenome. We showed that both metribuzin and imidacloprid considerably damage mtDNA in vitro. Imidacloprid reduces the rate of seed germination, but does not impact the rate of the growth and number of mtDNA damage in the potato shoots. Field experiments show that pesticide exposure does not induce change in aconitate hydratase activity, and can cause a decrease in the rate of H2O2 production. We can assume that the mechanism of pesticide-induced mtDNA damage in vitro is not associated with H2O2 production, and pesticides as electrophilic substances directly interact with mtDNA. The effect of pesticides on the integrity of mtDNA in green parts of plants and in crop tubers is insignificant. In general, plant mtDNA is resistant to pesticide exposure in vivo, probably due to the presence of non-coupled respiratory systems in plant mitochondria