Organizational and Methodological Aspects of International Cooperation for the Provision of Sanitary-and-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population

The study in question of the structure and content of international cooperation in the sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of the population in its various formats – on the UN, WHO, “G-8”, CIS, EurAsEC, SCO, and BRICS levels, as well as within the frames of bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan – has made it possible to develop a model of international intercourse organization characterized by such functional features as assessment of the epidemiological situation peculiarities and IHR implementation status, realization of global strategy for infectious diseases control, systemic modernization of methodology, technologies, materials-and-equipment resources as well as human assets and production of medical immune-biological preparations (MIBP), stationary network and mobile complexes for emergency response in order to level the interstate potentials for the provision of effective prevention, detection and monitoring over emergency situations in the sphere of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of the population (ES). Top-priority in the list of the ESs is given to novel emerging infectious diseases control as it primarily demands improvement of the informational–and–analytical prognosis–modeling base within the frames of epidemiological surveillance system and sanitary protection of the state territories. Great need in such type of projects is substantiated based on the examples of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic and West-Nile fevers control. Nevertheless, for the realization of the model, coordinating functional authority/agency is required

Quantitative Assessment of Potential Epidemic Hazard of Mass Events with International Participation and Methodology Approbation in the Context of Universiade-2013

Put forward is a methodology for quantitative assessment of potential epidemic hazard (PEH) as regards mass events with international participation in terms of the relevant infectious diseases capable of (in compliance with IHR, 2005) inducing emergency situation of sanitary epidemiological character. It is established that PEH is an aggregate risk of infection importation by incoming contestants and visitors and of its dissemination across the mass even location. As a result of PEH level differentiation identified have been four following grades: high, medium, low and minimum. Calculated has been a rate of PEH for the XXVI Worldwide Summer Universiade in Kazan, 2013, exemplified by such infectious disease as cholera

High-field electron transport in doped ZnO

Current-voltage characteristics have been measured for ZnO:Ga and Zn:Sb epitaxial layers with electron densities ranging from 1.4x10(17) cm(-3) to 1.1 x 10(20) cm(-3). Two-terminal samples with coplanar electrodes demonstrate virtually ohmic behavior until thermal effects come into play. Soft damage of the samples takes place at high currents. The threshold power (per electron) for the damage is nearly inversely proportional to the electron density over a wide range of electron densities. Pulsed voltage is applied in order to minimize the thermal effects, and thus an average electric field of 150 kV cm(-1) is reached in some samples subjected to 2 ns voltage pulses. The results are treated in terms of electron drift velocity estimated from the data on current and electron density under the assumption of uniform electric field. The highest velocity of similar to 1.5 x 10(7) cm s(-1) is found at an electric field of similar to 100 kV cm(-1) for the sample with an electron density of 1.4 x 10(17) cm(-3). The nonohmic behavior due to hot-electron effects is weak, and the dependence of the electron drift velocity on the doping resembles the variation of mobility

Evaluation of External and Internal Threats to Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Context of Mass Sporting Events

Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event