Evaluation of the composition, properties and fertility of Haplic Ferralsol on the fields abandoned for five years in the Republic of Chad

The article deals with the fertility of red ferralitic soils in the Republic of Chad. The studies were carried out in the period between 2016 and 2018 in the southern part of the province of Moundou on the red ferralitic soils (Haplic Ferralsol)of the Cotton-Chad farm, which cultivates cotton first of its formation. Haplic Ferralsols are characterized by significant reservoir thickness and are not rich in nutrients. The aim of our research was to study the composition and properties of the Haplic Ferralsols of the fields abandoned for five years for their use under cotton export culture. We have evaluated the morphological structure of the soil on neglected fields and its description by genetic horizons, studied the particle size distribution of the soil profile, its gross composition, cation exchange capacity, the content of exchangeable cations, and also considered the agrochemical and agrophysical properties of soil horizons. It has been established that Haplic Ferralsols have their own characteristics: red color, thick soil profile and a gradual transition between genetic horizons, and lightweight granulometric composition in the upper part of the profile. The basis of the gross chemical composition of Haplic Ferralsols is SiO2, Fe2O3 and Al2O3, the content of which varies depending on the depth of the soil profile within the ranges of 61.83–82.73 %, 3.50–6.40 % and 11.46–29.25 % correspondingly. Haplic Ferralsols are characterized by a high cation exchange capacity (6.6–11.1 сmol (eq)/kg). Among the exchangeable cations, calcium (Ca2+) is the most essential. Haplic Ferralsols are moderately provided with humus. In the upper soil layers (up to 42 cm), its content varied within 1.53–1.66 %. Soils are characterized by acidic reactions – from moderately acidic in the upper horizons to very strongly acidic in the lower horizon. The content of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium in the profile is low and very low, respectively, 0.76–1.09 mg/100 g and 0.05–1.48 mg/100 g. According to its agrophysical properties, the soil may be used for cotton growing. In the upper soil layer (0–42 cm) the bulk density is 1.36–1.45 g/cm3, the total porosity is 45.9–48.9 % and the field water-holding capacity is 22.4–25.7 %

Influence of modes of the drop irrigation on growth of the apple-trees in the garden of intensive type

The results of researches of the modes of drip irrigation and their influence on the productivity of the apple orchard in Gorodishchensky area of the Volgograd region are presented

Resource-saving technology of protection of soil on slopes of Altai middle mountains

In conditions of middle mountains of Altai contour chisel-planting is the effective soil-protective reception of regulation of superficial drain. In comparison with the minimum processing and usual ploughing it reduces washout of soil and loss of chemical elements with a superficial drain and raises productivity of long-term grasses. At antierosion ways of processing of soil on a slope a steepness 6° migration of chemical substances was more than twice less in comparison with similar variants on a slope a steepness 10°

Influence of predecessors and nitric fertilizers on productivity of spring wheat at the irrigation in the conditions of Mesopotamic plain of the Central Iraq

The results of researches on formation of productivity of spring wheat are resulted at an irrigation depending on predecessors and doses of entering of nitric fertilizers in the conditions of Mesopotamic plain of Iraq. It is revealed that the predecessor lucerne in the first year and green fallow (mung bean) as intermediate summer culture the next two years improve ростовые processes and is created by optimum conditions for growth and development of spring wheat and reception of a big crop of grain. Thus nitric fertilizers in a dose of 200 kg/hectares at spring wheat cultivation raise productivity of grain on the average on all predecessors on 32,8% in comparison with not fertilized background

Substantiation regime of drip irrigation and mineral nutrition of onions in Nepal's condition

The results of research on the effect of drip irrigation regimes and doses of mineral fertilizers on water consumption and yield of onions cultivated on alluvial soils of southern Nepal are presented in this work. It was established that with an increase in the preirrigation threshold moisture level of soil and mineral fertilizers increased crop yield of onions

Irrigation of perennial grasses sewage in the Southern Yemen

The results of experimental studies on the impact of irrigation wastewater major cities of southern Yemen (Aden, Ibb, and Taiz) on soil properties and crop yield perennial grasses. For little-used irrigation mineralization waste water after their mechanical and biological treatment to ensure a high yield of perennial grasses in green mass reliably great, as compared with pure water from irrigation wells. In doing so, the negative impact of waste water on the properties of red-brown soils are not evident

Use wastewater for irrigation forage crops in North of Yamane

Work represents chemical analyses of using treated wastewater, North of Yamane (Sana, hajja and Damar). Exposure, the effect of using rese wastewater on the characteristics of mountain red-brown soil and corn yield biomass. Monitoring irrigated treated wastewater shows positive influences on the characteristics (physics and chemical) and there fertility potential ,would be considered batter with CEC (cation exchange capacity), soil nutrients, organic matter as will as structure. Treated wastewater appeared decrease yield production compared to using good quality water for irrigation

Past action of long standing irrigation by animal sewage on yields of perennial grass and it's quality

Results of research of long standing. Us ages of animal sewage as organic manure. Show that in comparison to the control (without sewage) yields of green mass of perennial grass has increased from 19,5 T\ha to 48,30T\ha. Accordingly with their usages for 3 and 20 years. Past action of long standing irrigation by sewage, increasing the yield of perennial grass, does not decrease it's quality

Water regim of light-brown soils at cultivation the table beet

Special attention in our studies was paid to conditions of formation of water and soil nutrient regimes, as basic elements in regulation of the production process beet under irrigation in order to obtain the planned harvest of the Centre in range 40...100 t/ha. With irrigation sprinkler canteen beet on light chestnut soils and maintaining before irrigation humidity level 80-80-70% (F.C.) with differentiated depth irrigation 0,3 to 0,6 m and Making N320P175K145 ensures yield commodity Roots till 111,5 t/ha. The combination of controllable factors on the yield of table beet economically and energetically favorable

INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND MINERAL FOOD PROCESSING ON THE DYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND NPK IN COLD YARNS

The use of scientifically based doses of fertilizers in the cultivation of crops does not lead to the removal of nutrients from the natural reserves of the organic and mineral soil by microflora. At the same time, the methods and terms for the introduction of mineral fertilizers must be linked with the technology of soil preparation and moisture supply. Nitrogen fertilizers, because of their rapid volati-lization, are recommended to be applied for pre-sowing cultivation with sealing in the surface layer, and phosphorous fertilizers, as inactive - along with the main soil treatment. In this connection, in studies of the significant influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation with and without application of nitrogen, its dynamics along layers are not revealed. Deep soil-free tillage allows significantly more accumulation and longer storage of moisture in the soil layers; In comparison with the classical plowing and dumping plowing and planing in a meter layer of soil, the additional moisture reserves before sowing the crop are respectively 300 and 230 m3 / ha, in the tubing phase - barley - 256 and 189 m3/ha, in the phase of milk ripeness - 270 And 128 m3/ha. Deficiency of moisture reduces the biological activity of the soil, in this regard, moisture-saving methods of basic soil cultivation are especially important in conditions of rain-fed farming, not only on the yield of agricultural crops, but also on the processes of humus formation. The total accumulation of amino acids in the half-meter layer in the variant with deep soil-free tillage before sowing barley was 424 μg amine / G of cloth, in the phase of tubing - ear - 400 μg amine / G canvas, in the phase of milk ripeness - 210 μg amine / G of canvas. The values obtained are higher in comparison with the control data and the variant with planar tillage at 7 and 18%, 48 and 32%, 10 and 36% respectively. Positive dynamics in terms of productive moisture and accumulation of amino acids in the variant with deep soil-free soil treatment, application of calculated phosphorus doses for main processing and nitrogen for pre-sowing cultivation, had an effect on a significant increase in grain relative to control at 0.4 t/ha, Processing - at 0.35 t/ha